Washington’s lack of consultation with NATO allies encourages Turkey to pursue policies of self-reliance in national security and foreign relations, said Rich Outzen, a retired colonel and former senior adviser to U.S. special representative for Syrian engagement James Jeffrey.

In Afghanistan, the Biden administration rushed the process of deciding when and how to exit the country and allies were left in the dark, Outzen, who also served as U.S. military attaché to
Afghanistan, said in a guest appearance on Ahval’s Anatolian Dispatch podcast.