On May 10th in Science History, a significant event took place in 1994. On this day, American astronomer George Smoot announced the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation's (CMBR) anisotropy. This groundbreaking finding provided crucial evidence supporting the Big Bang theory and revolutionized our understanding of the early universe.

The CMBR is the afterglow of the Big Bang, the remnant heat left over from the early stages of the universe, about 380,000 years after its birth. Scientists had predicted that if the Big Bang theory were correct, this radiation should be detectable and uniform in all directions.

However, using the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite, Smoot and his team detected tiny fluctuations, or anisotropies, in the temperature of the CMBR. These fluctuations, which were only about a hundred-thousandth of a degree, revealed that the early universe was not perfectly smooth and uniform.

The anisotropies in the CMBR were caused by quantum fluctuations in the early universe, which were then amplified by inflation, a period of rapid expansion shortly after the Big Bang. These fluctuations eventually led to the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets as the universe cooled and expanded.

The discovery of the CMBR anisotropy was a major milestone in cosmology and provided a powerful tool for studying the early universe. It earned George Smoot and John C. Mather the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2006 for their work on the COBE project.

This finding not only confirmed the Big Bang theory but also opened up new avenues for research in cosmology, leading to a better understanding of the universe's origins, composition, and evolution. It truly revolutionized our perception of the cosmos and our place within it.