This podcast dives into how reinforcement learning (RL) can use human feedback to achieve complex goals without traditional reward functions. It details research from OpenAI and DeepMind that employs human comparisons of agent behaviors to train a reward model, allowing agents to learn tasks that are difficult to define with simple rewards, like performing backflips or playing video games. Human feedback enables the RL system to improve with only minimal input—less than 1% of agent-environment interactions—making human-guided RL more practical. This approach could make RL more aligned with human intentions, a crucial step for future AI applications.