In this insightful tripartite essay, which appears under various titles such as “On the Popular Judgment” (translated by J. Richardson), “On the Old Saw” (E.B. Ashton), or “On the Common Saying” (by M.J. Gregor and H.B. Nisbet), Kant explores the intricate relationship between theory and practice from three distinct angles. He addresses Christian Garve’s critique of his moral philosophy, differentiates his views from those of Thomas Hobbes, and engages with the ideas of Moses Mendelssohn. Together, these sections encapsulate the depth of Kant’s moral and political thought, focusing first on the individual, then the state, and finally the human species. While this essay poses challenges for readers, the latter sections are often seen as gateways to understanding Kant’s political philosophy, especially when considered alongside his work, Perpetual Peace. (Summary by D.E. Wittkower.)