In Greek literature and mythology, the one-eyed giant known as the Cyclops is associated with a variety of deeds and histories. In Homer’s The Odyssey, the Cyclopes were cannibals who lived an uncivilised life in Sicily, and in another story, Odysseus escapes from his death by blinding the Cyclops Polyphemus.

In Hesiod, the cyclopes Arges, Brontes and Steropes were the three sons of Gaea and Uranus, and they created the Thunderbolts of Zeus. Later authors claimed that they were workmen of Hephaestus who were killed by Apollo for making the lightning bolt that hit his son Asclepius. The walls of ancient cities, such as those in Tiryns, were said to have been built by the Cyclopes. In modern archaeology, the term cyclopean is used to describe the construction of walls that are not square. In the fifth-century BC play by Euripides, a group of satyrs provides comic relief as Odysseus and Polyphemus encounter each other. Virgil also associates the Homeric and Hesiodic Cyclopes with the Aeolian Islands and Sicily.

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