Dr. Monnica Williams, an associate professor in the School of Psychology at the University of Ottawa who focuses on the impact of racial trauma on people of color, has developed the TSDS, or Trauma Symptoms of Discrimincation Scale, a tool for measuring anxiety-related trauma symptoms due to racial discrimination.

True enough, people of color, Black women in particular, suffer from traumatization due to ongoing mistreatment in the workplace, including feeling isolated, embarrassed, and powerless. Fearful that something bad might happen as a result of past discrimination, Black women in the workforce carry past experiences based on racial discrimination to their new jobs--even when their new jobs don't show any signs of discriminatory behavior.