PERIODONTIUM
1 Gingiva
2 Attachment apparatus*
a. Pdl
b. Alveolar bone
c. Cementum (has dead cells) acellular cementum

PERIODONTAL TISSUE : (has living cells)
a) Gingiva
b) Periodontal ligament
c) Alveolar bone

PARTS OF GINGIVA

 Normal range of gingival sulcus depth is- 2-3mm

 Colour of normal gingiva is an interplay between – keratin layer, melanine, blood vessels, epithelial thickness.**

 FREE GINGIVA – Also known as unattached / marginal gingiva. From the gingival margin till the free gingival groove / base of the sulcus.
(sulcus is in healthy gums, whereas pocket is in unhealthy / diseased
gums) KERATINIZED

 ATTACHED GINGIVA- From free gingival groove (base of the sulcus) to the
mucogingival junction. KERATIINIZED
o Healthy one shows stippling.
o Best views by drying the gingiva.
o Highest width is seen in incisors-
 Maxillary : 3.4-4.5
 Mand - 3.3-3.9**
o Narrowest seen in molars
 Max 1.9mm
 Mand 1.8mm

 ALVEOLAR MUCOSA
o From mucogingival junc to fold
o Non keratinized


 INTERDENTAL GINGIVA
a) Anterior – pyramidal
b) Posterior — col shape
c) Midline diastema — triangular

FREE GINGIVAL GROOVE
MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION
BIOLOGICAL WIDTH

 Biological width — junctional epithelium + connective tissue = 2 mm***