<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" version="2.0"><channel><title>History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries, Volume 1</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/history-of-the-popes-during-the-last-four-centuries-volume-1--7127500</link><description><![CDATA[Delve into the intricate tapestry of ecclesiastical power and its profound impact on history as we explore the "History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries, Volume 1." This podcast invites listeners to examine the political machinations, religious fervor, and personal intrigues that shaped the papacy and the Catholic Church against the backdrop of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Each episode features a new complete audiobook, offering a rotating collection of narratives that illuminate the lives and reigns of influential popes, their alliances, betrayals, and the broader societal transformations they instigated. This is not a single story but a series of unique explorations, allowing you to engage with the complexities of faith, authority, and resistance throughout history. Join us to discover a new book with every episode, enriching your understanding of the pivotal role the papacy played in shaping the modern world.]]></description><atom:link href="https://www.spreaker.com/show/7127500/episodes/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><language>en</language><category>Books</category><copyright>Copyright 1800s Genre</copyright><image><url>https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg</url><title>History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries, Volume 1</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/history-of-the-popes-during-the-last-four-centuries-volume-1--7127500</link></image><lastBuildDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 09:16:44 +0000</lastBuildDate><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:owner><itunes:name>1800s Genre</itunes:name><itunes:email>spreaker76@podcastlibrary.org</itunes:email></itunes:owner><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:subtitle>Delve into the intricate tapestry of ecclesiastical power and its profound impact on history as we explore the "History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries, Volume 1." This podcast invites listeners to examine the political machinations,...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Delve into the intricate tapestry of ecclesiastical power and its profound impact on history as we explore the "History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries, Volume 1." This podcast invites listeners to examine the political machinations, religious fervor, and personal intrigues that shaped the papacy and the Catholic Church against the backdrop of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Each episode features a new complete audiobook, offering a rotating collection of narratives that illuminate the lives and reigns of influential popes, their alliances, betrayals, and the broader societal transformations they instigated. This is not a single story but a series of unique explorations, allowing you to engage with the complexities of faith, authority, and resistance throughout history. Join us to discover a new book with every episode, enriching your understanding of the pivotal role the papacy played in shaping the modern world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:category text="Arts"><itunes:category text="Books"/></itunes:category><itunes:category text="Religion &amp; Spirituality"/><itunes:category text="Religion &amp; Spirituality"><itunes:category text="Religion"/></itunes:category><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><podcast:guid>0d135b44-340a-565a-9766-79f8ea5191ec</podcast:guid><itunes:type>episodic</itunes:type><item><title>History of the Kingdom of Siam-François-Henri Turpin</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/history-of-the-kingdom-of-siam-francois-henri-turpin--74651042</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74651042</guid><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 09:02:19 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74651042/history_of_the_kingdom_of_siam_franc_ois_henri_turpin.mp3" length="207818390" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>25952</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>History of the United States, Vol. V Sectional Conflict &amp; Reconstruction-Charles Austin Beard, Mary Ritter Beard</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/history-of-the-united-states-vol-v-sectional-conflict-reconstruction-charles-austin-beard-mary-ritter-beard--74615537</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74615537</guid><pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:02:23 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74615537/history_of_the_united_states_vol_v_sectional_conflict_reconstruction_charles_austin_beard_mary_ritter_beard.mp3" length="84554073" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>10559</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Early Tudors Henry VII and Henry VIII-Charles Edward Moberly</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/early-tudors-henry-vii-and-henry-viii-charles-edward-moberly--74583005</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74583005</guid><pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 09:02:29 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74583005/early_tudors_henry_vii_and_henry_viii_charles_edward_moberly.mp3" length="250518043" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>31284</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Hobbes-Leslie Stephen</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/hobbes-leslie-stephen--74551780</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74551780</guid><pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 09:02:07 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74551780/hobbes_leslie_stephen.mp3" length="237081575" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>29606</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Europe in Renaissance and Reformation 1453-1660-Mary A. Hollings</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/europe-in-renaissance-and-reformation-1453-1660-mary-a-hollings--74519045</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74519045</guid><pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 09:07:57 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74519045/europe_in_renaissance_and_reformation_1453_1660_mary_a_hollings.mp3" length="256900552" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>32081</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions Together With Death's Duel-John Donne</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/devotions-upon-emergent-occasions-together-with-death-s-duel-john-donne--74489022</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74489022</guid><pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2026 09:08:21 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74489022/devotions_upon_emergent_occasions_together_with_death_s_duel_john_donne.mp3" length="264842200" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>33072</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>History of England, from the Accession of James II - (Volume 3, Chapter 14)-Thomas Babington Macaulay</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/history-of-england-from-the-accession-of-james-ii-volume-3-chapter-14-thomas-babington-macaulay--74448563</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74448563</guid><pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2026 09:07:25 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74448563/history_of_england_from_the_accession_of_james_ii_volume_3_chapter_14_thomas_babington_macaulay.mp3" length="105137703" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>13129</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>North by Night-Peter Burchard</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/north-by-night-peter-burchard--74415213</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74415213</guid><pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 09:08:06 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74415213/north_by_night_peter_burchard.mp3" length="146937907" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>18349</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Finland and the Tsars, 1809-1899-Joseph R. Fisher</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/finland-and-the-tsars-1809-1899-joseph-r-fisher--74367218</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74367218</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:08:18 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74367218/finland_and_the_tsars_1809_1899_joseph_r_fisher.mp3" length="243906414" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>30457</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Old Regime and the Revolution-Alexis de Tocqueville</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/old-regime-and-the-revolution-alexis-de-tocqueville--74328335</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74328335</guid><pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2026 17:40:17 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74328335/old_regime_and_the_revolution_alexis_de_tocqueville.mp3" length="208695260" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>26061</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Life and Death of King John-William Shakespeare</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/life-and-death-of-king-john-william-shakespeare--74184379</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74184379</guid><pubDate>Tue, 18 Aug 2026 09:08:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74184379/life_and_death_of_king_john_william_shakespeare.mp3" length="71419592" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>8918</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Hildebrand and his Times-William Richard Ward Stephens</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/hildebrand-and-his-times-william-richard-ward-stephens--74137993</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74137993</guid><pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 09:08:40 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74137993/hildebrand_and_his_times_william_richard_ward_stephens.mp3" length="202388259" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>25273</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Storm-Daniel Defoe</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/storm-daniel-defoe--74102140</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74102140</guid><pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2026 09:08:01 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74102140/storm_daniel_defoe.mp3" length="263770788" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>32938</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>History of the Middle Ages-Dana Carleton Munro</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/history-of-the-middle-ages-dana-carleton-munro--73382499</link><description><![CDATA["History of the Middle Ages" by Dana Carleton Munro offers a comprehensive exploration of a pivotal period that shaped the course of Western civilization. This audiobook delves into the complex social, political, and religious dynamics of the Middle Ages, illuminating the struggles and triumphs that defined the era. Munro's insightful analysis reveals how the themes of faith, power, and cultural transformation continue to resonate in today's world. Listening to this work not only enriches our understanding of history but also invites reflection on the enduring influences of the past on contemporary society. Discover the foundations of modernity through the lens of a time that remains crucial to our collective narrative.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73382499</guid><pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 11:37:33 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73382499/history_of_the_middle_ages_dana_carleton_munro.mp3" length="192957471" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"History of the Middle Ages" by Dana Carleton Munro offers a comprehensive exploration of a pivotal period that shaped the course of Western civilization. This audiobook delves into the complex social, political, and religious dynamics of the Middle...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["History of the Middle Ages" by Dana Carleton Munro offers a comprehensive exploration of a pivotal period that shaped the course of Western civilization. This audiobook delves into the complex social, political, and religious dynamics of the Middle Ages, illuminating the struggles and triumphs that defined the era. Munro's insightful analysis reveals how the themes of faith, power, and cultural transformation continue to resonate in today's world. Listening to this work not only enriches our understanding of history but also invites reflection on the enduring influences of the past on contemporary society. Discover the foundations of modernity through the lens of a time that remains crucial to our collective narrative.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>24096</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries Volume 1 - Leopold von Ranke - Part 3</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/history-of-the-popes-during-the-last-four-centuries-volume-1-leopold-von-ranke-part-3--72673158</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/72673158</guid><pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2026 09:00:20 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/72673158/history_of_the_popes_during_the_last_four_centuries_volume_1_leopold_von_ranke_part_3.mp3" length="54637546" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>6830</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>centuries,four,history,last,paul,political,pope,popes,ranke,science</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries Volume 1 - Leopold von Ranke - Part 2</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/history-of-the-popes-during-the-last-four-centuries-volume-1-leopold-von-ranke-part-2--72673157</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/72673157</guid><pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:00:18 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/72673157/history_of_the_popes_during_the_last_four_centuries_volume_1_leopold_von_ranke_part_2.mp3" length="277666823" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>34709</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>centuries,four,history,last,paul,political,pope,popes,ranke,science</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>History of the Popes During the Last Four Centuries Volume 1 - Leopold von Ranke - Part 1</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/history-of-the-popes-during-the-last-four-centuries-volume-1-leopold-von-ranke-part-1--72673154</link><description><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/72673154</guid><pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 15:13:21 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/72673154/history_of_the_popes_during_the_last_four_centuries_volume_1_leopold_von_ranke_part_1.mp3" length="277731607" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Leopold von Ranke</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Leopold von Ranke was a German Lutheran historian and a founder of modern historical writing based on primary sources. This is a panoramic account of the reigns of the 16th century popes. Pope Clement VII's French alliance leads to the sack of Rome by imperial troops. Pope Paul III devotes his reign to the political aggrandizement of his grandsons, only to be betrayed by them in the end. The implacable inquisitor, Gian Pietro Carafa becomes Pope Paul IV, but in his hatred of Spain, he is willing to enlist the Protestants and even the Turks as allies. It was Ranke who coined the term Counter-Reformation and in this book, he describes the career of Ignatius Loyola and the subsequent Jesuit reconquest for the Catholic Church of much of Protestant Europe. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>34717</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>centuries,four,history,last,paul,political,pope,popes,ranke,science</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/2ab92af3bbcb82af7a23d05dbef5d221.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item></channel></rss>
