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<rss xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" version="2.0"><channel><title>Senate Elections and Censures 1793-1990</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/senate-elections-and-censures-1793-1990--6874307</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><atom:link href="https://www.spreaker.com/show/6874307/episodes/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><language>en</language><category>Government</category><copyright>Copyright Politics, Philosophy, Religion</copyright><image><url>https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg</url><title>Senate Elections and Censures 1793-1990</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/senate-elections-and-censures-1793-1990--6874307</link></image><lastBuildDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 09:26:41 +0000</lastBuildDate><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:owner><itunes:name>Politics, Philosophy, Religion</itunes:name><itunes:email>spreaker23@adfreesounds.com</itunes:email></itunes:owner><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:category text="Government"/><itunes:category text="History"/><itunes:category text="News"><itunes:category text="Politics"/></itunes:category><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><podcast:guid>61520a47-6260-57c1-a83e-35f99554fa6c</podcast:guid><itunes:type>episodic</itunes:type><item><title>United Kingdom House of Commons Speeches Collection, volume 3-Various</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/united-kingdom-house-of-commons-speeches-collection-volume-3-various--74431588</link><description><![CDATA[The "United Kingdom House of Commons Speeches Collection, volume 3-Various" offers a compelling compilation of speeches that capture the essence of political discourse within the UK's House of Commons. This collection showcases the power of oratory in shaping public opinion and policy over time, reflecting the democratic values that underpin parliamentary debate. Listening to these speeches today allows us to appreciate the enduring nature of political rhetoric and its impact on society. The themes of governance, accountability, and civic engagement resonate as strongly now as they did during the periods covered, reminding us of the importance of political participation in a healthy democracy.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74431588</guid><pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 09:04:53 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74431588/united_kingdom_house_of_commons_speeches_collection_volume_3_various.mp3" length="110043270" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>The "United Kingdom House of Commons Speeches Collection, volume 3-Various" offers a compelling compilation of speeches that capture the essence of political discourse within the UK's House of Commons. This collection showcases the power of oratory in...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[The "United Kingdom House of Commons Speeches Collection, volume 3-Various" offers a compelling compilation of speeches that capture the essence of political discourse within the UK's House of Commons. This collection showcases the power of oratory in shaping public opinion and policy over time, reflecting the democratic values that underpin parliamentary debate. Listening to these speeches today allows us to appreciate the enduring nature of political rhetoric and its impact on society. The themes of governance, accountability, and civic engagement resonate as strongly now as they did during the periods covered, reminding us of the importance of political participation in a healthy democracy.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>13742</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Colored People of Chicago-Louise DeKoven Bowen</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/colored-people-of-chicago-louise-dekoven-bowen--74373826</link><description><![CDATA["Colored People of Chicago" by Louise DeKoven Bowen offers a poignant exploration of the African American experience in Chicago, capturing the rich tapestry of culture, resilience, and community. Bowen’s work sheds light on the struggles and triumphs faced by individuals in a city marked by both opportunity and discrimination. This audiobook is a vital listen today, as its themes of identity, belonging, and the fight for equality continue to resonate in contemporary society. By delving into the past, listeners gain insight into the historical foundations of racial dynamics, making it an enduring narrative that informs our understanding of present-day challenges.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74373826</guid><pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2026 09:04:34 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74373826/colored_people_of_chicago_louise_dekoven_bowen.mp3" length="33490971" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Colored People of Chicago" by Louise DeKoven Bowen offers a poignant exploration of the African American experience in Chicago, capturing the rich tapestry of culture, resilience, and community. Bowen’s work sheds light on the struggles and triumphs...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Colored People of Chicago" by Louise DeKoven Bowen offers a poignant exploration of the African American experience in Chicago, capturing the rich tapestry of culture, resilience, and community. Bowen’s work sheds light on the struggles and triumphs faced by individuals in a city marked by both opportunity and discrimination. This audiobook is a vital listen today, as its themes of identity, belonging, and the fight for equality continue to resonate in contemporary society. By delving into the past, listeners gain insight into the historical foundations of racial dynamics, making it an enduring narrative that informs our understanding of present-day challenges.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>4182</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1975 - 1977)-Gerald Ford</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/state-of-the-union-addresses-by-united-states-presidents-1975-1977-gerald-ford--74303390</link><description><![CDATA["State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1975 by 1977)-Gerald Ford" presents a pivotal moment in American history through the lens of President Ford's addresses. These speeches encapsulate the challenges and aspirations of a nation in transition, reflecting the political climate of the mid-1970s. Listening to Ford’s addresses offers insight into the themes of leadership, resilience, and the pursuit of unity during turbulent times, which remain relevant today. The enduring nature of these addresses lies in their exploration of the American spirit and the responsibilities of governance, making them a valuable resource for understanding both past and present political landscapes.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74303390</guid><pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2026 09:03:56 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74303390/state_of_the_union_addresses_by_united_states_presidents_1975_1977_gerald_ford.mp3" length="47527046" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1975 by 1977)-Gerald Ford" presents a pivotal moment in American history through the lens of President Ford's addresses. These speeches encapsulate the challenges and aspirations of a nation...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1975 by 1977)-Gerald Ford" presents a pivotal moment in American history through the lens of President Ford's addresses. These speeches encapsulate the challenges and aspirations of a nation in transition, reflecting the political climate of the mid-1970s. Listening to Ford’s addresses offers insight into the themes of leadership, resilience, and the pursuit of unity during turbulent times, which remain relevant today. The enduring nature of these addresses lies in their exploration of the American spirit and the responsibilities of governance, making them a valuable resource for understanding both past and present political landscapes.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>5935</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Chronicles of America Volume 14 - Washington and His Colleagues-Henry Jones Ford</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/chronicles-of-america-volume-14-washington-and-his-colleagues-henry-jones-ford--74199312</link><description><![CDATA["Chronicles of America Volume 14" by Washington and His Colleagues-Henry Jones Ford offers a compelling exploration of the foundational years of the United States, capturing the essence of the nation's early political landscape. This volume delves into the lives and contributions of key figures who shaped American governance and policy, providing a rich context for understanding the complexities of democracy. Listening to this audiobook today allows us to reflect on the enduring themes of leadership, collaboration, and the challenges of political integrity that continue to resonate in contemporary society.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74199312</guid><pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 09:04:57 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74199312/chronicles_of_america_volume_14_washington_and_his_colleagues_henry_jones_ford.mp3" length="128438179" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Chronicles of America Volume 14" by Washington and His Colleagues-Henry Jones Ford offers a compelling exploration of the foundational years of the United States, capturing the essence of the nation's early political landscape. This volume delves...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Chronicles of America Volume 14" by Washington and His Colleagues-Henry Jones Ford offers a compelling exploration of the foundational years of the United States, capturing the essence of the nation's early political landscape. This volume delves into the lives and contributions of key figures who shaped American governance and policy, providing a rich context for understanding the complexities of democracy. Listening to this audiobook today allows us to reflect on the enduring themes of leadership, collaboration, and the challenges of political integrity that continue to resonate in contemporary society.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>16039</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 6, August 1906-Various</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/mother-earth-vol-1-no-6-august-1906-various--74139065</link><description><![CDATA["Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 6, August 1906-Various" is a compelling collection that captures the essence of early 20th-century thought and activism. This volume brings together various writings that reflect the social and political currents of the time, emphasizing themes of justice, equality, and the human condition. Listening to this audiobook offers a profound glimpse into the struggles and aspirations of those who sought to challenge the status quo, making it a timeless exploration of the fight for social change. The ideas presented resonate today, reminding us of the ongoing relevance of these issues in our contemporary society and the enduring quest for a more equitable world.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74139065</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:05:22 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74139065/mother_earth_vol_1_no_6_august_1906_various.mp3" length="80874055" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 6, August 1906-Various" is a compelling collection that captures the essence of early 20th-century thought and activism. This volume brings together various writings that reflect the social and political currents of the time,...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 6, August 1906-Various" is a compelling collection that captures the essence of early 20th-century thought and activism. This volume brings together various writings that reflect the social and political currents of the time, emphasizing themes of justice, equality, and the human condition. Listening to this audiobook offers a profound glimpse into the struggles and aspirations of those who sought to challenge the status quo, making it a timeless exploration of the fight for social change. The ideas presented resonate today, reminding us of the ongoing relevance of these issues in our contemporary society and the enduring quest for a more equitable world.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>10099</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>American Psychology, 1900-1922-Various</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/american-psychology-1900-1922-various--74095765</link><description><![CDATA["American Psychology, 1900-1922-Various" delves into the formative years of psychology as a discipline, capturing the evolution of thought and practice during a pivotal time in American history. This collection highlights the diverse perspectives that shaped psychological theories and methodologies, reflecting the societal changes and challenges of the early twentieth century. Listening to this audiobook offers a unique opportunity to understand how foundational ideas in psychology continue to influence contemporary thought and practice.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74095765</guid><pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2026 09:05:34 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74095765/american_psychology_1900_1922_various.mp3" length="197671415" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"American Psychology, 1900-1922-Various" delves into the formative years of psychology as a discipline, capturing the evolution of thought and practice during a pivotal time in American history. This collection highlights the diverse perspectives that...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["American Psychology, 1900-1922-Various" delves into the formative years of psychology as a discipline, capturing the evolution of thought and practice during a pivotal time in American history. This collection highlights the diverse perspectives that shaped psychological theories and methodologies, reflecting the societal changes and challenges of the early twentieth century. Listening to this audiobook offers a unique opportunity to understand how foundational ideas in psychology continue to influence contemporary thought and practice.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>24684</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Short Nonfiction Collection, Vol. 092-Various</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/short-nonfiction-collection-vol-092-various--74043892</link><description><![CDATA[Short Nonfiction Collection, Vol. 092-Various presents a diverse array of essays that delve into significant themes and ideas, capturing the essence of human thought and experience. This collection invites listeners to engage with a variety of perspectives, reflecting on the complexities of society, politics, and culture. With its exploration of topics that resonate through time, such as governance and accountability, the collection remains relevant as it encourages critical reflection on contemporary issues. The enduring nature of these essays highlights the importance of understanding our past to navigate the present and future effectively.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/74043892</guid><pubDate>Tue, 18 Aug 2026 09:05:49 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/74043892/short_nonfiction_collection_vol_092_various.mp3" length="204418141" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Short Nonfiction Collection, Vol. 092-Various presents a diverse array of essays that delve into significant themes and ideas, capturing the essence of human thought and experience. This collection invites listeners to engage with a variety of...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Short Nonfiction Collection, Vol. 092-Various presents a diverse array of essays that delve into significant themes and ideas, capturing the essence of human thought and experience. This collection invites listeners to engage with a variety of perspectives, reflecting on the complexities of society, politics, and culture. With its exploration of topics that resonate through time, such as governance and accountability, the collection remains relevant as it encourages critical reflection on contemporary issues. The enduring nature of these essays highlights the importance of understanding our past to navigate the present and future effectively.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>25527</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Trial of Susan B. Anthony-Anonymous</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/trial-of-susan-b-anthony-anonymous--73993944</link><description><![CDATA["Trial of Susan B. Anthony-Anonymous" delves into the pivotal moment surrounding the trial of the iconic women's rights activist, Susan B. Anthony, who faced charges for voting illegally in 1872. This compelling narrative highlights the struggle for women's suffrage and the legal battles that defined a movement. Its themes of justice, equality, and the fight for civil rights remain deeply relevant today, reminding listeners of the ongoing quest for social change. By exploring Anthony's courageous stand against the injustices of her time, this audiobook offers an enduring testament to the power of activism and the relentless pursuit of equality that continues to inspire generations.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73993944</guid><pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 09:06:01 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73993944/trial_of_susan_b_anthony_anonymous.mp3" length="233405008" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Trial of Susan B. Anthony-Anonymous" delves into the pivotal moment surrounding the trial of the iconic women's rights activist, Susan B. Anthony, who faced charges for voting illegally in 1872. This compelling narrative highlights the struggle for...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Trial of Susan B. Anthony-Anonymous" delves into the pivotal moment surrounding the trial of the iconic women's rights activist, Susan B. Anthony, who faced charges for voting illegally in 1872. This compelling narrative highlights the struggle for women's suffrage and the legal battles that defined a movement. Its themes of justice, equality, and the fight for civil rights remain deeply relevant today, reminding listeners of the ongoing quest for social change. By exploring Anthony's courageous stand against the injustices of her time, this audiobook offers an enduring testament to the power of activism and the relentless pursuit of equality that continues to inspire generations.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>29146</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Shield-Various</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/shield-various--73943664</link><description><![CDATA["Shield-Various" explores the intricate landscape of Senate elections and the phenomenon of censure from 1793 to 1990, highlighting pivotal moments that shaped American political discourse. This comprehensive examination reveals how the dynamics of power, accountability, and public perception have evolved over centuries. The themes of governance, the consequences of political actions, and the enduring struggle for integrity in leadership resonate strongly today, reminding listeners of the importance of civic engagement and the historical context of contemporary political challenges.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73943664</guid><pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2026 09:05:54 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73943664/shield_various.mp3" length="108199691" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Shield-Various" explores the intricate landscape of Senate elections and the phenomenon of censure from 1793 to 1990, highlighting pivotal moments that shaped American political discourse. This comprehensive examination reveals how the dynamics of...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Shield-Various" explores the intricate landscape of Senate elections and the phenomenon of censure from 1793 to 1990, highlighting pivotal moments that shaped American political discourse. This comprehensive examination reveals how the dynamics of power, accountability, and public perception have evolved over centuries. The themes of governance, the consequences of political actions, and the enduring struggle for integrity in leadership resonate strongly today, reminding listeners of the importance of civic engagement and the historical context of contemporary political challenges.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>13512</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Hospital Transports: Embarkation of the Sick and Wounded from Virginia, 1862-Frederick Law Olmsted</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/hospital-transports-embarkation-of-the-sick-and-wounded-from-virginia-1862-frederick-law-olmsted--73888105</link><description><![CDATA["Hospital Transports: Embarkation of the Sick and Wounded from Virginia, 1862" by Frederick Law Olmsted provides a poignant examination of the logistical and human challenges faced during the Civil War as the sick and wounded were evacuated from the battlefield. Olmsted's meticulous observations shed light on the conditions of these transports and the resilience of both the medical staff and the soldiers. This work resonates today as it reflects themes of sacrifice, the importance of effective medical care, and the impact of war on human lives. By listening to this narrative, audiences can gain a deeper understanding of historical struggles that continue to echo in contemporary discussions about healthcare and the treatment of veterans.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73888105</guid><pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 2026 09:07:40 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73888105/hospital_transports_embarkation_of_the_sick_and_wounded_from_virginia_1862_frederick_law_olmsted.mp3" length="109538465" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Hospital Transports: Embarkation of the Sick and Wounded from Virginia, 1862" by Frederick Law Olmsted provides a poignant examination of the logistical and human challenges faced during the Civil War as the sick and wounded were evacuated from the...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Hospital Transports: Embarkation of the Sick and Wounded from Virginia, 1862" by Frederick Law Olmsted provides a poignant examination of the logistical and human challenges faced during the Civil War as the sick and wounded were evacuated from the battlefield. Olmsted's meticulous observations shed light on the conditions of these transports and the resilience of both the medical staff and the soldiers. This work resonates today as it reflects themes of sacrifice, the importance of effective medical care, and the impact of war on human lives. By listening to this narrative, audiences can gain a deeper understanding of historical struggles that continue to echo in contemporary discussions about healthcare and the treatment of veterans.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>13679</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Bible (Fenton) 28-39 Holy Bible in Modern English Hosea - Malaki-Ferrar Fenton Bible</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/bible-fenton-28-39-holy-bible-in-modern-english-hosea-malaki-ferrar-fenton-bible--73792990</link><description><![CDATA[Bible (Fenton) 28-39 Holy Bible in Modern English Hosea by Malaki-Ferrar Fenton Bible presents a modern interpretation of the biblical book of Hosea, emphasizing its themes of love, betrayal, and redemption. This rendition invites listeners to reflect on the enduring complexities of human relationships and the profound messages of faith and forgiveness found within the scriptures. As the world continues to grapple with issues of loyalty and trust, the timeless lessons of Hosea resonate deeply, offering insights that remain relevant today. Engaging with this text not only enriches one's understanding of biblical literature but also provides a thoughtful perspective on the nature of commitment and grace in our lives.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73792990</guid><pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:02:56 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73792990/bible_fenton_28_39_holy_bible_in_modern_english_hosea_malaki_ferrar_fenton_bible.mp3" length="86702100" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Bible (Fenton) 28-39 Holy Bible in Modern English Hosea by Malaki-Ferrar Fenton Bible presents a modern interpretation of the biblical book of Hosea, emphasizing its themes of love, betrayal, and redemption. This rendition invites listeners to reflect...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bible (Fenton) 28-39 Holy Bible in Modern English Hosea by Malaki-Ferrar Fenton Bible presents a modern interpretation of the biblical book of Hosea, emphasizing its themes of love, betrayal, and redemption. This rendition invites listeners to reflect on the enduring complexities of human relationships and the profound messages of faith and forgiveness found within the scriptures. As the world continues to grapple with issues of loyalty and trust, the timeless lessons of Hosea resonate deeply, offering insights that remain relevant today. Engaging with this text not only enriches one's understanding of biblical literature but also provides a thoughtful perspective on the nature of commitment and grace in our lives.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>10827</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Clotel, or, The President's Daughter-William Wells Brown</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/clotel-or-the-president-s-daughter-william-wells-brown--73756917</link><description><![CDATA["Clotel, or, The President's Daughter" by William Wells Brown is a groundbreaking work that delves into the complexities of race, identity, and the legacy of slavery in America. The narrative explores the life of Clotel, the daughter of a white president and an enslaved woman, highlighting the stark realities of mixed-race individuals in a society rife with prejudice and discrimination. This powerful story remains relevant today as it challenges listeners to reflect on the ongoing struggles for equality and justice. Brown's poignant exploration of heritage and societal constraints resonates with contemporary discussions about race, making it an enduring classic that prompts vital conversations about identity and belonging.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73756917</guid><pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2026 09:02:53 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73756917/clotel_or_the_president_s_daughter_william_wells_brown.mp3" length="159175290" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Clotel, or, The President's Daughter" by William Wells Brown is a groundbreaking work that delves into the complexities of race, identity, and the legacy of slavery in America. The narrative explores the life of Clotel, the daughter of a white...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Clotel, or, The President's Daughter" by William Wells Brown is a groundbreaking work that delves into the complexities of race, identity, and the legacy of slavery in America. The narrative explores the life of Clotel, the daughter of a white president and an enslaved woman, highlighting the stark realities of mixed-race individuals in a society rife with prejudice and discrimination. This powerful story remains relevant today as it challenges listeners to reflect on the ongoing struggles for equality and justice. Brown's poignant exploration of heritage and societal constraints resonates with contemporary discussions about race, making it an enduring classic that prompts vital conversations about identity and belonging.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>19877</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Running Water-A. E. W. Mason</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/running-water-a-e-w-mason--73726068</link><description><![CDATA[Running Water by A. E. W. Mason is a captivating tale that explores the intricate dynamics of human relationships and the quest for personal fulfillment. The narrative delves into themes of love, ambition, and the struggles that arise when one's desires clash with societal expectations. This enduring story resonates today as it reflects the timeless complexities of the human experience, making it a compelling listen for anyone interested in the depths of character and motivation. Mason's rich prose and insightful observations invite listeners to reflect on their own lives and the universal challenges we all face, ensuring that the narrative remains relevant across generations.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73726068</guid><pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2026 09:03:28 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73726068/5569_running_water_a_e_w_mason.mp3" length="248837065" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Running Water by A. E. W. Mason is a captivating tale that explores the intricate dynamics of human relationships and the quest for personal fulfillment. The narrative delves into themes of love, ambition, and the struggles that arise when one's...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Running Water by A. E. W. Mason is a captivating tale that explores the intricate dynamics of human relationships and the quest for personal fulfillment. The narrative delves into themes of love, ambition, and the struggles that arise when one's desires clash with societal expectations. This enduring story resonates today as it reflects the timeless complexities of the human experience, making it a compelling listen for anyone interested in the depths of character and motivation. Mason's rich prose and insightful observations invite listeners to reflect on their own lives and the universal challenges we all face, ensuring that the narrative remains relevant across generations.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>31073</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Tartuffe-Molière</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/tartuffe-moliere--73702927</link><description><![CDATA[Tartuffe by Molière is a timeless comedy that explores themes of hypocrisy, deception, and the struggle between appearance and reality. The play centers around the character Tartuffe, a con artist who pretends to be pious while manipulating those around him for personal gain. Its sharp wit and incisive commentary on religious fervor and gullibility make it a compelling listen, especially in today’s world where similar themes of trust and authenticity remain relevant. Molière's masterful use of satire not only entertains but also invites listeners to reflect on the nature of faith and the dangers of blind devotion, ensuring its place as a classic in literature.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73702927</guid><pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 09:03:22 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73702927/tartuffe_molie_re.mp3" length="52622473" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Tartuffe by Molière is a timeless comedy that explores themes of hypocrisy, deception, and the struggle between appearance and reality. The play centers around the character Tartuffe, a con artist who pretends to be pious while manipulating those...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Tartuffe by Molière is a timeless comedy that explores themes of hypocrisy, deception, and the struggle between appearance and reality. The play centers around the character Tartuffe, a con artist who pretends to be pious while manipulating those around him for personal gain. Its sharp wit and incisive commentary on religious fervor and gullibility make it a compelling listen, especially in today’s world where similar themes of trust and authenticity remain relevant. Molière's masterful use of satire not only entertains but also invites listeners to reflect on the nature of faith and the dangers of blind devotion, ensuring its place as a classic in literature.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>6571</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Washington and the Riddle of Peace-H. G. Wells</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/washington-and-the-riddle-of-peace-h-g-wells--73679800</link><description><![CDATA["Washington and the Riddle of Peace" by H. G. Wells delves into the complexities surrounding peace during a tumultuous period in history. This thought-provoking exploration examines the challenges faced by leaders as they navigate the delicate balance between war and diplomacy. Hearing this audiobook now is particularly relevant as it invites listeners to reflect on the enduring dilemmas of governance and the pursuit of peace, themes that resonate strongly in today's world. Wells' insightful analysis encourages a deeper understanding of the historical context of leadership decisions, making it a timeless piece that remains significant in discussions about power, conflict, and resolution.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73679800</guid><pubDate>Sun, 09 Aug 2026 09:03:15 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73679800/washington_and_the_riddle_of_peace_h_g_wells.mp3" length="174422846" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Washington and the Riddle of Peace" by H. G. Wells delves into the complexities surrounding peace during a tumultuous period in history. This thought-provoking exploration examines the challenges faced by leaders as they navigate the delicate balance...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Washington and the Riddle of Peace" by H. G. Wells delves into the complexities surrounding peace during a tumultuous period in history. This thought-provoking exploration examines the challenges faced by leaders as they navigate the delicate balance between war and diplomacy. Hearing this audiobook now is particularly relevant as it invites listeners to reflect on the enduring dilemmas of governance and the pursuit of peace, themes that resonate strongly in today's world. Wells' insightful analysis encourages a deeper understanding of the historical context of leadership decisions, making it a timeless piece that remains significant in discussions about power, conflict, and resolution.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>21781</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Art of Cross-Examination-Francis Wellman</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/art-of-cross-examination-francis-wellman--73654414</link><description><![CDATA["Art of Cross-Examination" by Francis Wellman delves into the intricate techniques and strategies of cross-examining witnesses in legal proceedings. This timeless work is a masterclass in the art of persuasion and critical thinking, showcasing the importance of skillful questioning in uncovering the truth. Wellman's insights remain relevant today, as the principles of effective communication and the pursuit of justice continue to resonate in contemporary legal practices. By exploring the nuances of cross-examination, listeners will gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the courtroom and the enduring significance of Wellman's teachings in the pursuit of truth and fairness.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73654414</guid><pubDate>Sat, 08 Aug 2026 09:03:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73654414/art_of_cross_examination_francis_wellman.mp3" length="192671512" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Art of Cross-Examination" by Francis Wellman delves into the intricate techniques and strategies of cross-examining witnesses in legal proceedings. This timeless work is a masterclass in the art of persuasion and critical thinking, showcasing the...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Art of Cross-Examination" by Francis Wellman delves into the intricate techniques and strategies of cross-examining witnesses in legal proceedings. This timeless work is a masterclass in the art of persuasion and critical thinking, showcasing the importance of skillful questioning in uncovering the truth. Wellman's insights remain relevant today, as the principles of effective communication and the pursuit of justice continue to resonate in contemporary legal practices. By exploring the nuances of cross-examination, listeners will gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the courtroom and the enduring significance of Wellman's teachings in the pursuit of truth and fairness.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>24060</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>American Democrat; Or, Hints on the Social and Civic Relations of the United States of America-James Fenimore Cooper</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/american-democrat-or-hints-on-the-social-and-civic-relations-of-the-united-states-of-america-james-fenimore-cooper--73624599</link><description><![CDATA["American Democrat; Or, Hints on the Social and Civic Relations of the United States of America" by James Fenimore Cooper explores the intricate web of social and civic responsibilities that define American democracy. This insightful work delves into the principles and practices that underpin the nation's political landscape, offering timeless reflections on the importance of civic engagement and social responsibility. As discussions around democracy and civic duty continue to resonate today, Cooper's observations remain relevant, encouraging listeners to reflect on their roles within society.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73624599</guid><pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 16:21:24 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73624599/american_democrat_or_hints_on_the_social_and_civic_relations_of_the_united_states_of_america_james_fenimore_cooper.mp3" length="204231076" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"American Democrat; Or, Hints on the Social and Civic Relations of the United States of America" by James Fenimore Cooper explores the intricate web of social and civic responsibilities that define American democracy. This insightful work delves into...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["American Democrat; Or, Hints on the Social and Civic Relations of the United States of America" by James Fenimore Cooper explores the intricate web of social and civic responsibilities that define American democracy. This insightful work delves into the principles and practices that underpin the nation's political landscape, offering timeless reflections on the importance of civic engagement and social responsibility. As discussions around democracy and civic duty continue to resonate today, Cooper's observations remain relevant, encouraging listeners to reflect on their roles within society.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>25503</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1964 - 1969)-Lyndon B. Johnson</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/state-of-the-union-addresses-by-united-states-presidents-1964-1969-lyndon-b-johnson--73584160</link><description><![CDATA[Lyndon B. Johnson's "State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1964 by 1969)" captures a pivotal moment in American history through the lens of Johnson's presidential addresses. These speeches reflect the social and political climate of the 1960s, addressing key issues such as civil rights, the Vietnam War, and domestic policies aimed at combating poverty. Hearing these addresses now offers insights into the enduring themes of leadership, responsibility, and the challenges of governance that resonate in today's political landscape. Johnson's powerful rhetoric and vision for America provide a historical context that remains relevant as contemporary leaders navigate their own complex challenges.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73584160</guid><pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2026 23:57:36 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73584160/state_of_the_union_addresses_by_united_states_presidents_1964_1969_lyndon_b_johnson.mp3" length="92927245" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Lyndon B. Johnson's "State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1964 by 1969)" captures a pivotal moment in American history through the lens of Johnson's presidential addresses. These speeches reflect the social and political climate...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Lyndon B. Johnson's "State of the Union Addresses by United States Presidents (1964 by 1969)" captures a pivotal moment in American history through the lens of Johnson's presidential addresses. These speeches reflect the social and political climate of the 1960s, addressing key issues such as civil rights, the Vietnam War, and domestic policies aimed at combating poverty. Hearing these addresses now offers insights into the enduring themes of leadership, responsibility, and the challenges of governance that resonate in today's political landscape. Johnson's powerful rhetoric and vision for America provide a historical context that remains relevant as contemporary leaders navigate their own complex challenges.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>11604</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>America's Retreat from Victory; The Story of George Catlett Marshall-Joseph McCarthy</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/america-s-retreat-from-victory-the-story-of-george-catlett-marshall-joseph-mccarthy--73546720</link><description><![CDATA["America's Retreat from Victory; The Story of George Catlett Marshall-Joseph McCarthy" delves into the complex legacy of two pivotal figures in American history, George Catlett Marshall and Joseph McCarthy. This audiobook explores the contrasting paths of a celebrated military leader and a controversial senator, highlighting the tensions between national security and political ideology during a transformative period in the United States. With themes of leadership, integrity, and the consequences of political strife, this narrative resonates today as it reflects ongoing debates about governance and public trust. The story serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between victory and retreat in the realm of American politics.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73546720</guid><pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2026 09:03:48 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73546720/america_s_retreat_from_victory_the_story_of_george_catlett_marshall_joseph_mccarthy.mp3" length="171498093" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"America's Retreat from Victory; The Story of George Catlett Marshall-Joseph McCarthy" delves into the complex legacy of two pivotal figures in American history, George Catlett Marshall and Joseph McCarthy. This audiobook explores the contrasting...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["America's Retreat from Victory; The Story of George Catlett Marshall-Joseph McCarthy" delves into the complex legacy of two pivotal figures in American history, George Catlett Marshall and Joseph McCarthy. This audiobook explores the contrasting paths of a celebrated military leader and a controversial senator, highlighting the tensions between national security and political ideology during a transformative period in the United States. With themes of leadership, integrity, and the consequences of political strife, this narrative resonates today as it reflects ongoing debates about governance and public trust. The story serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between victory and retreat in the realm of American politics.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>21416</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>Address to Free Colored Americans-An Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/address-to-free-colored-americans-an-anti-slavery-convention-of-american-women--73510061</link><description><![CDATA["Address to Free Colored Americans-An Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women" captures the powerful voices of women who gathered to confront the injustices of slavery and advocate for the rights of free Black Americans. This significant work highlights the intersection of gender and race in the fight against oppression, showcasing the courage and determination of those who dared to challenge societal norms. Listening to this audiobook today offers a poignant reminder of the ongoing struggles for equality and justice, emphasizing the importance of activism and solidarity in the face of adversity. The themes of empowerment, resilience, and the fight for human rights resonate deeply, making this a timeless call to action.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/73510061</guid><pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2026 18:46:59 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/73510061/address_to_free_colored_americans_an_anti_slavery_convention_of_american_women.mp3" length="43714229" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>"Address to Free Colored Americans-An Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women" captures the powerful voices of women who gathered to confront the injustices of slavery and advocate for the rights of free Black Americans. This significant work...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA["Address to Free Colored Americans-An Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women" captures the powerful voices of women who gathered to confront the injustices of slavery and advocate for the rights of free Black Americans. This significant work highlights the intersection of gender and race in the fight against oppression, showcasing the courage and determination of those who dared to challenge societal norms. Listening to this audiobook today offers a poignant reminder of the ongoing struggles for equality and justice, emphasizing the importance of activism and solidarity in the face of adversity. The themes of empowerment, resilience, and the fight for human rights resonate deeply, making this a timeless call to action.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>5459</itunes:duration><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>143 - Case 141 David F Durenberger MN 1988-90</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/143-case-141-david-f-durenberger-mn-1988-90--69894570</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894570</guid><pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 09:00:12 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894570/143_case_141_david_f_durenberger_mn_1988_90.mp3" length="8354679" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1044</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>142 - Case 140 Harrison A Williams Jr NJ 1981-82</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/142-case-140-harrison-a-williams-jr-nj-1981-82--69894568</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894568</guid><pubDate>Sat, 30 May 2026 09:00:11 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894568/142_case_140_harrison_a_williams_jr_nj_1981_82.mp3" length="6536625" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1216</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>140 - Case 138 Edmond A Edmondson v Henry L Bellmon OK 1975-76</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/140-case-138-edmond-a-edmondson-v-henry-l-bellmon-ok-1975-76--69894566</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>642</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>139 - Case 137 John A Durkin v Louis C Wyman NH 1974-75</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/139-case-137-john-a-durkin-v-louis-c-wyman-nh-1974-75--69894565</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1065</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>138 - Case 136 Richard L Roudebush v R Vance Hartke IN 1970-72</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/138-case-136-richard-l-roudebush-v-r-vance-hartke-in-1970-72--69894564</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>340</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>137 - Case 135 Thomas J Dodd CT 1966-67</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/137-case-135-thomas-j-dodd-ct-1966-67--69894563</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1339</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>136 - Case 134 Pierre EG Salinger CA 1964</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/136-case-134-pierre-eg-salinger-ca-1964--69894562</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>407</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>135 - Case 133 Joseph R McCarthy WI 1954</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/135-case-133-joseph-r-mccarthy-wi-1954--69894561</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>759</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>134 - Case 132 Patrick J Hurley v Dennis Chavez NM 1952-54</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/134-case-132-patrick-j-hurley-v-dennis-chavez-nm-1952-54--69894559</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1031</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>133 - Case 131 Joseph R McCarthy WI and Wm Benton CT 1951-53</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/133-case-131-joseph-r-mccarthy-wi-and-wm-benton-ct-1951-53--69894558</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>999</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>132 - Case 130 Millard Tydings v John Marshall Butler MD 1950-51</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/132-case-130-millard-tydings-v-john-marshall-butler-md-1950-51--69894557</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894557</guid><pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 09:00:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894557/132_case_130_millard_tydings_v_john_marshall_butler_md_1950_51.mp3" length="4388273" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>433</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>130 - Case 128 Tom Sweeney v Harley M Kilgore WV 1947-49</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/130-case-128-tom-sweeney-v-harley-m-kilgore-wv-1947-49--69894551</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894551</guid><pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2026 09:00:10 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894551/130_case_128_tom_sweeney_v_harley_m_kilgore_wv_1947_49.mp3" length="3942066" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>493</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>129 - Case 127 D John Markey v Herbert R O'Conor MD 1946-48</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/129-case-127-d-john-markey-v-herbert-r-o-conor-md-1946-48--69894548</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>438</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>128 - Case 126 Theodore G Bilbo MS 1946-47</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/128-case-126-theodore-g-bilbo-ms-1946-47--69894545</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>861</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>127 - Case 125 John R Neal v AT Tom Stewart TN 1943</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/127-case-125-john-r-neal-v-at-tom-stewart-tn-1943--69894542</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>267</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>126 - Case 124 Clarence Martin v Joseph Rosier WV 1941</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/126-case-124-clarence-martin-v-joseph-rosier-wv-1941--69894539</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>613</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>125 - Case 123 William Langer ND 1941-42</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/125-case-123-william-langer-nd-1941-42--69894534</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>696</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>124 - Case 122 Raymond Willis v Frederick Van Nuys IN 1939</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/124-case-122-raymond-willis-v-frederick-van-nuys-in-1939--69894532</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>314</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>123 - Case 121 John Neal v AT Stewart TN 1939</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/123-case-121-john-neal-v-at-stewart-tn-1939--69894528</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894528</guid><pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 09:00:11 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894528/123_case_121_john_neal_v_at_stewart_tn_1939.mp3" length="3095052" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>387</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>122 - Case 120 George Berry TN 1937</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/122-case-120-george-berry-tn-1937--69894527</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>406</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>121 - Case 119 Henry Hatfield v Rush Holt WV 1935</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/121-case-119-henry-hatfield-v-rush-holt-wv-1935--69894524</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894524</guid><pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2026 09:00:15 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894524/121_case_119_henry_hatfield_v_rush_holt_wv_1935.mp3" length="5465997" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>683</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>120 - Case 118 Dennis Chavez v Bronson Cutting NM 1935</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/120-case-118-dennis-chavez-v-bronson-cutting-nm-1935--69894518</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>712</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>119 - Case 117 Huey Long and John Overton LA 1932-34</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/119-case-117-huey-long-and-john-overton-la-1932-34--69894513</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>839</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>118 - Case 116 Einar Hoidale v Thomas Schall MN 1932-33</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/118-case-116-einar-hoidale-v-thomas-schall-mn-1932-33--69894507</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>413</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>117 - Case 115 George Pritchard v Josiah Bailey NC 1931-33</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/117-case-115-george-pritchard-v-josiah-bailey-nc-1931-33--69894506</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>495</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>116 - Case 114 J Thomas Heflin v John Bankhead II AL 1931-32</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/116-case-114-j-thomas-heflin-v-john-bankhead-ii-al-1931-32--69894505</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>634</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>115 - Case 113 Joseph Grundy PA 1929-30</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/115-case-113-joseph-grundy-pa-1929-30--69894504</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>334</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>114 - Case 112 Hiram Bingham CT 1929</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/114-case-112-hiram-bingham-ct-1929--69894503</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>604</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>113 - Case 111 Arthur Gould ME 1926-27</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/113-case-111-arthur-gould-me-1926-27--69894502</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>857</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>111 - Case 109 William Wilson v William Vare PA 1926-29</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/111-case-109-william-wilson-v-william-vare-pa-1926-29--69894499</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>556</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>102 - Case 100 William Chilton v Howard Sutherland WV 1917-18</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/102-case-100-william-chilton-v-howard-sutherland-wv-1917-18--69894488</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>439</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>101 - Case 99 William Jackson v Blair Lee MD 1913-14</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/101-case-99-william-jackson-v-blair-lee-md-1913-14--69894487</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>414</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>100 - Case 98 Henry Clayton Franklin Glass AL 1913-14</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/100-case-98-henry-clayton-franklin-glass-al-1913-14--69894486</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>486</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>099 - Case 97 Clarence Watson William Chilton WV 1912-13</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/099-case-97-clarence-watson-william-chilton-wv-1912-13--69894485</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>344</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>098 - Case 96 Isaac Stephenson WI 1911-12</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/098-case-96-isaac-stephenson-wi-1911-12--69894484</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>658</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>097 - Case 95 William Lorimer IL 1910-12</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/097-case-95-william-lorimer-il-1910-12--69894482</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>317</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>095 - Case 93 Charles Dietrich SD 1904</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/095-case-93-charles-dietrich-sd-1904--69894479</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>274</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>094 - Case 92 Joseph Burton KS 1904-06</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/094-case-92-joseph-burton-ks-1904-06--69894478</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894478</guid><pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 09:00:08 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894478/094_case_92_joseph_burton_ks_1904_06.mp3" length="3525551" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>441</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>093 - Case 91 Reed Smoot UT 1903-07</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/093-case-91-reed-smoot-ut-1903-07--69894477</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>603</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>092 - Case 90 John McLaurin Benjamin Tillman SC 1902</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/092-case-90-john-mclaurin-benjamin-tillman-sc-1902--69894476</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>558</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>091 - Case 89 William Clark MT 1899-1900</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/091-case-89-william-clark-mt-1899-1900--69894475</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>512</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>090 - Case 88 Matthew Quay PA 1899-1900</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/090-case-88-matthew-quay-pa-1899-1900--69894474</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>407</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>089 - Case 87 John McGraw v Nathan Scott WV 1899-1900</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/089-case-87-john-mcgraw-v-nathan-scott-wv-1899-1900--69894473</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>557</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>088 - Case 86 Marcus Hanna OH 1898-99</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/088-case-86-marcus-hanna-oh-1898-99--69894471</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>366</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>087 - Case 85 Henry Corbett OR 1897-98</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/087-case-85-henry-corbett-or-1897-98--69894470</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>546</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>086 - Case 84 Henry duPont DE 1895-97</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/086-case-84-henry-dupont-de-1895-97--69894468</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. 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From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894464</guid><pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2026 09:00:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894464/084_case_82_john_allen_wa_asahel_beckwith_wy_lee_mantle_mt_1893.mp3" length="5264359" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>658</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>083 - Case 81 Horace Chilton TX 1891-92</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/083-case-81-horace-chilton-tx-1891-92--69894463</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>429</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>082 - Case 80 Robert Davidson v Wilkinson Call FL 1891-92</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/082-case-80-robert-davidson-v-wilkinson-call-fl-1891-92--69894462</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>316</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>081 - Case 79 Geo Shoup Wm McConnell Wm Clagett v Fred Dubois ID 1890-92</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/081-case-79-geo-shoup-wm-mcconnell-wm-clagett-v-fred-dubois-id-1890-92--69894461</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894461</guid><pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 09:00:10 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894461/081_case_79_geo_shoup_wm_mcconnell_wm_clagett_v_fred_dubois_id_1890_92.mp3" length="5895069" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>736</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>080 - Case 78 Wm Clark v Wilbur Sanders Martin Maginnis v Thomas Power MT 1890</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/080-case-78-wm-clark-v-wilbur-sanders-martin-maginnis-v-thomas-power-mt-1890--69894460</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894460</guid><pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2026 09:00:11 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894460/080_case_78_wm_clark_v_wilbur_sanders_martin_maginnis_v_thomas_power_mt_1890.mp3" length="4350215" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>544</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>079 - Case 77 Daniel Lucas v Charles Faulkner WV 1887</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/079-case-77-daniel-lucas-v-charles-faulkner-wv-1887--69894459</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>376</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>078 - Case 76 David Turpie IN 1887-88</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/078-case-76-david-turpie-in-1887-88--69894458</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894458</guid><pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 09:00:11 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894458/078_case_76_david_turpie_in_1887_88.mp3" length="3286029" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>411</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>077 - Case 75 Henry Payne OH 1886</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/077-case-75-henry-payne-oh-1886--69894457</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894457</guid><pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 09:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894457/077_case_75_henry_payne_oh_1886.mp3" length="4550989" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>569</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>076 - Case 74 Henry Blair NH 1885</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/076-case-74-henry-blair-nh-1885--69894456</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894456</guid><pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 09:00:21 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894456/076_case_74_henry_blair_nh_1885.mp3" length="2187994" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e27f5076-6f7b-4bfa-a6a6-fab270af7752/e27f5076-6f7b-4bfa-a6a6-fab270af7752.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e27f5076-6f7b-4bfa-a6a6-fab270af7752/e27f5076-6f7b-4bfa-a6a6-fab270af7752.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e27f5076-6f7b-4bfa-a6a6-fab270af7752/e27f5076-6f7b-4bfa-a6a6-fab270af7752.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>274</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>075 - Case 73 Elbridge Lapham Warner Miller NY 1881</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/075-case-73-elbridge-lapham-warner-miller-ny-1881--69894455</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>377</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>073 - Case 71 Charles Bell NH 1879</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/073-case-71-charles-bell-nh-1879--69894452</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>489</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>071 - Case 69 La Fayette Grover OR 1877-78</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/071-case-69-la-fayette-grover-or-1877-78--69894450</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>335</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>070 - Case 68 John Morgan AL 1877</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/070-case-68-john-morgan-al-1877--69894449</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1056</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>067 - Case 65 Lewis Bogy MO 1873</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/067-case-65-lewis-bogy-mo-1873--69894444</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894444</guid><pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2026 09:00:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894444/067_case_65_lewis_bogy_mo_1873.mp3" length="2383166" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/92ebbd5b-e27d-4ddd-bd17-5c313f0d0781/92ebbd5b-e27d-4ddd-bd17-5c313f0d0781.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/92ebbd5b-e27d-4ddd-bd17-5c313f0d0781/92ebbd5b-e27d-4ddd-bd17-5c313f0d0781.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/92ebbd5b-e27d-4ddd-bd17-5c313f0d0781/92ebbd5b-e27d-4ddd-bd17-5c313f0d0781.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>298</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>066 - Case 64 Credit Mobilier scandal 1873</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/066-case-64-credit-mobilier-scandal-1873--69894443</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894443</guid><pubDate>Sun, 15 Mar 2026 09:00:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894443/066_case_64_credit_mobilier_scandal_1873.mp3" length="11267204" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/7b163061-026b-4c4f-b477-d092f54078b9/7b163061-026b-4c4f-b477-d092f54078b9.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/7b163061-026b-4c4f-b477-d092f54078b9/7b163061-026b-4c4f-b477-d092f54078b9.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/7b163061-026b-4c4f-b477-d092f54078b9/7b163061-026b-4c4f-b477-d092f54078b9.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1407</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>065 - Case 63 Ray v McMillen McMillen Eustis Marr v Pinchback Spofford Manning v Kellogg LA 1873-80</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/065-case-63-ray-v-mcmillen-mcmillen-eustis-marr-v-pinchback-spofford-manning-v-kellogg-la-1873-80--69894442</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894442</guid><pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 09:00:12 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894442/065_case_63_ray_v_mcmillen_mcmillen_eustis_marr_v_pinchback_spofford_manning_v_kellogg_la_1873_80.mp3" length="11068335" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/209e0fee-b4b9-4ab5-8598-ffea5ac541f8/209e0fee-b4b9-4ab5-8598-ffea5ac541f8.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/209e0fee-b4b9-4ab5-8598-ffea5ac541f8/209e0fee-b4b9-4ab5-8598-ffea5ac541f8.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/209e0fee-b4b9-4ab5-8598-ffea5ac541f8/209e0fee-b4b9-4ab5-8598-ffea5ac541f8.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1382</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>064 - Case 62 Francis Sykes v George Spencer AL 1872-76</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/064-case-62-francis-sykes-v-george-spencer-al-1872-76--69894441</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894441</guid><pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 09:00:12 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894441/064_case_62_francis_sykes_v_george_spencer_al_1872_76.mp3" length="6611519" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/3c4e522a-e9bb-4afc-93b9-7266128070f6/3c4e522a-e9bb-4afc-93b9-7266128070f6.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/3c4e522a-e9bb-4afc-93b9-7266128070f6/3c4e522a-e9bb-4afc-93b9-7266128070f6.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/3c4e522a-e9bb-4afc-93b9-7266128070f6/3c4e522a-e9bb-4afc-93b9-7266128070f6.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>826</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>063 - Case 61 Samuel Pomoroy Alexander Caldwell KS 1872-73</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/063-case-61-samuel-pomoroy-alexander-caldwell-ks-1872-73--69894440</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894440</guid><pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2026 09:00:14 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894440/063_case_61_samuel_pomoroy_alexander_caldwell_ks_1872_73.mp3" length="7266911" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/cd9857ec-1c27-4074-955b-d6739c20c9d2/cd9857ec-1c27-4074-955b-d6739c20c9d2.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/cd9857ec-1c27-4074-955b-d6739c20c9d2/cd9857ec-1c27-4074-955b-d6739c20c9d2.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/cd9857ec-1c27-4074-955b-d6739c20c9d2/cd9857ec-1c27-4074-955b-d6739c20c9d2.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>908</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>062 - Case 60 Powell Clayton AR 1872-73</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/062-case-60-powell-clayton-ar-1872-73--69894439</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894439</guid><pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 09:00:14 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894439/062_case_60_powell_clayton_ar_1872_73.mp3" length="5310977" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9aeb3c21-0a18-46d5-9cd7-9f146fb0ab76/9aeb3c21-0a18-46d5-9cd7-9f146fb0ab76.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9aeb3c21-0a18-46d5-9cd7-9f146fb0ab76/9aeb3c21-0a18-46d5-9cd7-9f146fb0ab76.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9aeb3c21-0a18-46d5-9cd7-9f146fb0ab76/9aeb3c21-0a18-46d5-9cd7-9f146fb0ab76.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>664</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>061 - Case 59 Joseph Abbott v Zebulon Vance Matt Ransom NC 1871-72</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/061-case-59-joseph-abbott-v-zebulon-vance-matt-ransom-nc-1871-72--69894438</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894438</guid><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:00:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894438/061_case_59_joseph_abbott_v_zebulon_vance_matt_ransom_nc_1871_72.mp3" length="6442089" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/84d02b0d-9b92-4aca-b666-df24c4503956/84d02b0d-9b92-4aca-b666-df24c4503956.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/84d02b0d-9b92-4aca-b666-df24c4503956/84d02b0d-9b92-4aca-b666-df24c4503956.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/84d02b0d-9b92-4aca-b666-df24c4503956/84d02b0d-9b92-4aca-b666-df24c4503956.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>805</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>060 - Case 58 Joseph Reynolds v Morgan Hamilton TX 1871</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/060-case-58-joseph-reynolds-v-morgan-hamilton-tx-1871--69894437</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894437</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 09:00:12 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894437/060_case_58_joseph_reynolds_v_morgan_hamilton_tx_1871.mp3" length="2454105" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/c98d45d9-53b1-4722-b01d-7db72c75ec5b/c98d45d9-53b1-4722-b01d-7db72c75ec5b.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/c98d45d9-53b1-4722-b01d-7db72c75ec5b/c98d45d9-53b1-4722-b01d-7db72c75ec5b.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/c98d45d9-53b1-4722-b01d-7db72c75ec5b/c98d45d9-53b1-4722-b01d-7db72c75ec5b.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>307</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>059 - Case 57 Thomas Norwood v Foster Blodgett Jr GA 1871</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/059-case-57-thomas-norwood-v-foster-blodgett-jr-ga-1871--69894436</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894436</guid><pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2026 09:00:10 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894436/059_case_57_thomas_norwood_v_foster_blodgett_jr_ga_1871.mp3" length="6266150" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/cfeb668c-0284-4c8d-b0a1-b4b3963f8f7f/cfeb668c-0284-4c8d-b0a1-b4b3963f8f7f.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/cfeb668c-0284-4c8d-b0a1-b4b3963f8f7f/cfeb668c-0284-4c8d-b0a1-b4b3963f8f7f.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/cfeb668c-0284-4c8d-b0a1-b4b3963f8f7f/cfeb668c-0284-4c8d-b0a1-b4b3963f8f7f.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>783</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>058 - Case 56 George Goldthwaite AL 1871-72</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/058-case-56-george-goldthwaite-al-1871-72--69894435</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>444</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>057 - Case 55 Ossian Hart v Abijah Gilbert FL 1870</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/057-case-55-ossian-hart-v-abijah-gilbert-fl-1870--69894433</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894433</guid><pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2026 10:00:11 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894433/057_case_55_ossian_hart_v_abijah_gilbert_fl_1870.mp3" length="3596479" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/87d06de6-bc03-4ff7-b214-35b5d8287376/87d06de6-bc03-4ff7-b214-35b5d8287376.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/87d06de6-bc03-4ff7-b214-35b5d8287376/87d06de6-bc03-4ff7-b214-35b5d8287376.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/87d06de6-bc03-4ff7-b214-35b5d8287376/87d06de6-bc03-4ff7-b214-35b5d8287376.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>449</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>056 - Case 54 Hiram Revels MS 1870</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/056-case-54-hiram-revels-ms-1870--69894432</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894432</guid><pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 10:00:18 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894432/056_case_54_hiram_revels_ms_1870.mp3" length="3026422" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/89e18cfe-a76a-4823-8d7d-a36cf741671e/89e18cfe-a76a-4823-8d7d-a36cf741671e.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/89e18cfe-a76a-4823-8d7d-a36cf741671e/89e18cfe-a76a-4823-8d7d-a36cf741671e.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/89e18cfe-a76a-4823-8d7d-a36cf741671e/89e18cfe-a76a-4823-8d7d-a36cf741671e.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>378</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>055 - Case 53 Adelbert Ames MS 1870</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/055-case-53-adelbert-ames-ms-1870--69894431</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894431</guid><pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 10:00:12 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894431/055_case_53_adelbert_ames_ms_1870.mp3" length="4809128" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/881ba96d-498f-4c61-8f1c-9d2fbbe321c4/881ba96d-498f-4c61-8f1c-9d2fbbe321c4.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/881ba96d-498f-4c61-8f1c-9d2fbbe321c4/881ba96d-498f-4c61-8f1c-9d2fbbe321c4.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/881ba96d-498f-4c61-8f1c-9d2fbbe321c4/881ba96d-498f-4c61-8f1c-9d2fbbe321c4.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>601</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>054 - Case 52 Richard Whiteley Henry Farrow v Joshua Hill HVM Miller GA 1868-71</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/054-case-52-richard-whiteley-henry-farrow-v-joshua-hill-hvm-miller-ga-1868-71--69894430</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894430</guid><pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 10:00:11 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894430/054_case_52_richard_whiteley_henry_farrow_v_joshua_hill_hvm_miller_ga_1868_71.mp3" length="8477095" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/5b1475cc-b151-47ff-a64f-34bcda347cb1/5b1475cc-b151-47ff-a64f-34bcda347cb1.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/5b1475cc-b151-47ff-a64f-34bcda347cb1/5b1475cc-b151-47ff-a64f-34bcda347cb1.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/5b1475cc-b151-47ff-a64f-34bcda347cb1/5b1475cc-b151-47ff-a64f-34bcda347cb1.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1059</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>053 - Case 51 William Marvin v Thomas Osborn FL 1868</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/053-case-51-william-marvin-v-thomas-osborn-fl-1868--69894429</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894429</guid><pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 10:00:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894429/053_case_51_william_marvin_v_thomas_osborn_fl_1868.mp3" length="3543975" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/ff152f74-2f7e-4141-8045-3940d118c7f6/ff152f74-2f7e-4141-8045-3940d118c7f6.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/ff152f74-2f7e-4141-8045-3940d118c7f6/ff152f74-2f7e-4141-8045-3940d118c7f6.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/ff152f74-2f7e-4141-8045-3940d118c7f6/ff152f74-2f7e-4141-8045-3940d118c7f6.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>443</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>052 - Case 50 John Jones Augustus Garland Alexander McDonald Benjamin Rice AR 1868</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/052-case-50-john-jones-augustus-garland-alexander-mcdonald-benjamin-rice-ar-1868--69894428</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894428</guid><pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 10:00:19 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894428/052_case_50_john_jones_augustus_garland_alexander_mcdonald_benjamin_rice_ar_1868.mp3" length="3805075" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1711b5c3-c592-462a-a64d-52626d8a7ad5/1711b5c3-c592-462a-a64d-52626d8a7ad5.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1711b5c3-c592-462a-a64d-52626d8a7ad5/1711b5c3-c592-462a-a64d-52626d8a7ad5.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1711b5c3-c592-462a-a64d-52626d8a7ad5/1711b5c3-c592-462a-a64d-52626d8a7ad5.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>475</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>051 - Case 49 Phillip Thomas MD 1867-68</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/051-case-49-phillip-thomas-md-1867-68--69894427</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894427</guid><pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 10:00:21 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894427/051_case_49_phillip_thomas_md_1867_68.mp3" length="5888337" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/968e7190-2119-4f82-bf8d-d24f57911a89/968e7190-2119-4f82-bf8d-d24f57911a89.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/968e7190-2119-4f82-bf8d-d24f57911a89/968e7190-2119-4f82-bf8d-d24f57911a89.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/968e7190-2119-4f82-bf8d-d24f57911a89/968e7190-2119-4f82-bf8d-d24f57911a89.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>736</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>050 - Case 48 David Patterson TN 1866</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/050-case-48-david-patterson-tn-1866--69894425</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894425</guid><pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2026 10:00:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894425/050_case_48_david_patterson_tn_1866.mp3" length="5045932" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/d2f7c6b4-6739-4392-9d33-8b3f008d800e/d2f7c6b4-6739-4392-9d33-8b3f008d800e.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/d2f7c6b4-6739-4392-9d33-8b3f008d800e/d2f7c6b4-6739-4392-9d33-8b3f008d800e.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/d2f7c6b4-6739-4392-9d33-8b3f008d800e/d2f7c6b4-6739-4392-9d33-8b3f008d800e.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>630</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>049 - Case 47 John Stockton NJ 1865-66</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/049-case-47-john-stockton-nj-1865-66--69894424</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894424</guid><pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2026 10:00:32 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894424/049_case_47_john_stockton_nj_1865_66.mp3" length="5322062" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9215c9b3-0844-4ea3-874b-db50bb91167c/9215c9b3-0844-4ea3-874b-db50bb91167c.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9215c9b3-0844-4ea3-874b-db50bb91167c/9215c9b3-0844-4ea3-874b-db50bb91167c.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9215c9b3-0844-4ea3-874b-db50bb91167c/9215c9b3-0844-4ea3-874b-db50bb91167c.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>665</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>048 - Case 46 Joseph Segar John Underwood VA 1865</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/048-case-46-joseph-segar-john-underwood-va-1865--69894423</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894423</guid><pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 10:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894423/048_case_46_joseph_segar_john_underwood_va_1865.mp3" length="4075102" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9cff2c1a-85f0-4525-9984-15f4b0826633/9cff2c1a-85f0-4525-9984-15f4b0826633.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9cff2c1a-85f0-4525-9984-15f4b0826633/9cff2c1a-85f0-4525-9984-15f4b0826633.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/9cff2c1a-85f0-4525-9984-15f4b0826633/9cff2c1a-85f0-4525-9984-15f4b0826633.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>509</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>047 - Case 45 R King Cutler Charles Smith Michael Hahn LA 1864-66</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/047-case-45-r-king-cutler-charles-smith-michael-hahn-la-1864-66--69894422</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894422</guid><pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2026 10:00:17 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894422/047_case_45_r_king_cutler_charles_smith_michael_hahn_la_1864_66.mp3" length="4185572" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/502fdc6d-15b8-4018-a046-b8f7f06a297e/502fdc6d-15b8-4018-a046-b8f7f06a297e.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/502fdc6d-15b8-4018-a046-b8f7f06a297e/502fdc6d-15b8-4018-a046-b8f7f06a297e.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/502fdc6d-15b8-4018-a046-b8f7f06a297e/502fdc6d-15b8-4018-a046-b8f7f06a297e.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>523</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>046 - Case 44 William Fishback Elisha Baxter William Snow AR 1864-66</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/046-case-44-william-fishback-elisha-baxter-william-snow-ar-1864-66--69894421</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894421</guid><pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 10:00:18 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894421/046_case_44_william_fishback_elisha_baxter_william_snow_ar_1864_66.mp3" length="7202281" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/43272f5d-b1ce-4c5f-bfa0-ea5b02faf99d/43272f5d-b1ce-4c5f-bfa0-ea5b02faf99d.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/43272f5d-b1ce-4c5f-bfa0-ea5b02faf99d/43272f5d-b1ce-4c5f-bfa0-ea5b02faf99d.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/43272f5d-b1ce-4c5f-bfa0-ea5b02faf99d/43272f5d-b1ce-4c5f-bfa0-ea5b02faf99d.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>900</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>045 - Case 43 James F Simmons RI 1862</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/045-case-43-james-f-simmons-ri-1862--69894420</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894420</guid><pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 10:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894420/045_case_43_james_f_simmons_ri_1862.mp3" length="2845688" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/ddb430e7-2af0-4c1e-979f-31a0a6acde2b/ddb430e7-2af0-4c1e-979f-31a0a6acde2b.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/ddb430e7-2af0-4c1e-979f-31a0a6acde2b/ddb430e7-2af0-4c1e-979f-31a0a6acde2b.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/ddb430e7-2af0-4c1e-979f-31a0a6acde2b/ddb430e7-2af0-4c1e-979f-31a0a6acde2b.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>356</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>044 - Case 42 Lazarus Powell KY 1862</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/044-case-42-lazarus-powell-ky-1862--69894419</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894419</guid><pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2026 10:00:15 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894419/044_case_42_lazarus_powell_ky_1862.mp3" length="3804398" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/50ec8e08-6200-4b7c-94f9-9df87488c8f2/50ec8e08-6200-4b7c-94f9-9df87488c8f2.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/50ec8e08-6200-4b7c-94f9-9df87488c8f2/50ec8e08-6200-4b7c-94f9-9df87488c8f2.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/50ec8e08-6200-4b7c-94f9-9df87488c8f2/50ec8e08-6200-4b7c-94f9-9df87488c8f2.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>475</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>043 - Case 41 Benjamin Stark OR 1862</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/043-case-41-benjamin-stark-or-1862--69894418</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894418</guid><pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 10:00:14 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894418/043_case_41_benjamin_stark_or_1862.mp3" length="5221859" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/c957723e-478c-42c4-bfa6-321900326722/c957723e-478c-42c4-bfa6-321900326722.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/c957723e-478c-42c4-bfa6-321900326722/c957723e-478c-42c4-bfa6-321900326722.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/c957723e-478c-42c4-bfa6-321900326722/c957723e-478c-42c4-bfa6-321900326722.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>652</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>042 - Case 40 Jesse Bright IN 1861-62</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/042-case-40-jesse-bright-in-1861-62--69894417</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894417</guid><pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 10:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894417/042_case_40_jesse_bright_in_1861_62.mp3" length="4798044" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/6ead1c7d-fd3e-4896-950a-0b661d58250e/6ead1c7d-fd3e-4896-950a-0b661d58250e.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/6ead1c7d-fd3e-4896-950a-0b661d58250e/6ead1c7d-fd3e-4896-950a-0b661d58250e.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/6ead1c7d-fd3e-4896-950a-0b661d58250e/6ead1c7d-fd3e-4896-950a-0b661d58250e.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>599</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>041 - Case 39 Waldo Johnson Trusten Polk MO 1861-62</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/041-case-39-waldo-johnson-trusten-polk-mo-1861-62--69894416</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894416</guid><pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 10:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894416/041_case_39_waldo_johnson_trusten_polk_mo_1861_62.mp3" length="3528076" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/d4609f64-6400-4dd8-81f7-fd78f17909cd/d4609f64-6400-4dd8-81f7-fd78f17909cd.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/d4609f64-6400-4dd8-81f7-fd78f17909cd/d4609f64-6400-4dd8-81f7-fd78f17909cd.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/d4609f64-6400-4dd8-81f7-fd78f17909cd/d4609f64-6400-4dd8-81f7-fd78f17909cd.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>441</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>040 - Case 38 John Breckinridge KY 1861</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/040-case-38-john-breckinridge-ky-1861--69894415</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894415</guid><pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 10:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894415/040_case_38_john_breckinridge_ky_1861.mp3" length="3160518" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1fce90f1-a6f2-4d48-ae56-a064c7f88c15/1fce90f1-a6f2-4d48-ae56-a064c7f88c15.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1fce90f1-a6f2-4d48-ae56-a064c7f88c15/1fce90f1-a6f2-4d48-ae56-a064c7f88c15.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1fce90f1-a6f2-4d48-ae56-a064c7f88c15/1fce90f1-a6f2-4d48-ae56-a064c7f88c15.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>395</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>039 - Case 37 Waitman Willey John Carlisle VA 1861</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/039-case-37-waitman-willey-john-carlisle-va-1861--69894414</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894414</guid><pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2026 10:00:14 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894414/039_case_37_waitman_willey_john_carlisle_va_1861.mp3" length="3592505" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/aa2ca352-eb23-4311-b408-68ed1e26eb3a/aa2ca352-eb23-4311-b408-68ed1e26eb3a.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/aa2ca352-eb23-4311-b408-68ed1e26eb3a/aa2ca352-eb23-4311-b408-68ed1e26eb3a.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/aa2ca352-eb23-4311-b408-68ed1e26eb3a/aa2ca352-eb23-4311-b408-68ed1e26eb3a.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>449</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>038 - Case 36 James Mason Robert Hunter VA Thomas Clingman Thomas Bragg NC James Chesnut Jr SC AOP Nichols</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/038-case-36-james-mason-robert-hunter-va-thomas-clingman-thomas-bragg-nc-james-chesnut-jr-sc-aop-nichols--69894413</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894413</guid><pubDate>Sun, 15 Feb 2026 10:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894413/038_case_36_james_mason_robert_hunter_va_thomas_clingman_thomas_bragg_nc_james_chesnut_jr_sc_aop_nichols.mp3" length="6349981" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/94c1de7b-0a19-491d-892b-a464e95f4f39/94c1de7b-0a19-491d-892b-a464e95f4f39.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/94c1de7b-0a19-491d-892b-a464e95f4f39/94c1de7b-0a19-491d-892b-a464e95f4f39.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/94c1de7b-0a19-491d-892b-a464e95f4f39/94c1de7b-0a19-491d-892b-a464e95f4f39.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>793</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>037 - Case 35 Frederick Stanton v James Lane KS 1861-62</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/037-case-35-frederick-stanton-v-james-lane-ks-1861-62--69894412</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894412</guid><pubDate>Sat, 14 Feb 2026 10:00:17 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894412/037_case_35_frederick_stanton_v_james_lane_ks_1861_62.mp3" length="5389230" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/109d56e5-7575-47ad-a37f-0aa204f62c68/109d56e5-7575-47ad-a37f-0aa204f62c68.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/109d56e5-7575-47ad-a37f-0aa204f62c68/109d56e5-7575-47ad-a37f-0aa204f62c68.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/109d56e5-7575-47ad-a37f-0aa204f62c68/109d56e5-7575-47ad-a37f-0aa204f62c68.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>673</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>036 - Case 34 Clement Clay AL Robert Toombs GA Jefferson Davis Albert Brown MS Stephen Mallory FL Judah Be</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/036-case-34-clement-clay-al-robert-toombs-ga-jefferson-davis-albert-brown-ms-stephen-mallory-fl-judah-be--69894411</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894411</guid><pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2026 10:00:15 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894411/036_case_34_clement_clay_al_robert_toombs_ga_jefferson_davis_albert_brown_ms_stephen_mallory_fl_judah_be.mp3" length="4834749" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/b20452f8-5a13-4bfb-a96b-b3b07701e9ee/b20452f8-5a13-4bfb-a96b-b3b07701e9ee.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/b20452f8-5a13-4bfb-a96b-b3b07701e9ee/b20452f8-5a13-4bfb-a96b-b3b07701e9ee.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/b20452f8-5a13-4bfb-a96b-b3b07701e9ee/b20452f8-5a13-4bfb-a96b-b3b07701e9ee.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>604</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>035 - Case 33 Henry Mower Rice MN 1858</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/035-case-33-henry-mower-rice-mn-1858--69894410</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894410</guid><pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2026 10:00:14 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894410/035_case_33_henry_mower_rice_mn_1858.mp3" length="2913674" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e4221d64-44f0-4eb6-84db-1ed3608ea0d2/e4221d64-44f0-4eb6-84db-1ed3608ea0d2.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e4221d64-44f0-4eb6-84db-1ed3608ea0d2/e4221d64-44f0-4eb6-84db-1ed3608ea0d2.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e4221d64-44f0-4eb6-84db-1ed3608ea0d2/e4221d64-44f0-4eb6-84db-1ed3608ea0d2.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>364</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>034 - Case 32 James Shields MN 1858</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/034-case-32-james-shields-mn-1858--69894409</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894409</guid><pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2026 10:00:18 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894409/034_case_32_james_shields_mn_1858.mp3" length="2591312" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/59d256a1-1b58-4220-bba0-14117931cc7c/59d256a1-1b58-4220-bba0-14117931cc7c.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/59d256a1-1b58-4220-bba0-14117931cc7c/59d256a1-1b58-4220-bba0-14117931cc7c.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/59d256a1-1b58-4220-bba0-14117931cc7c/59d256a1-1b58-4220-bba0-14117931cc7c.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>324</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>033 - Case 31 Simon Cameron PA 1857</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/033-case-31-simon-cameron-pa-1857--69894408</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894408</guid><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 10:00:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894408/033_case_31_simon_cameron_pa_1857.mp3" length="3190218" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/a9d2f8b3-73ac-43ae-a7ce-13c1fc40eaab/a9d2f8b3-73ac-43ae-a7ce-13c1fc40eaab.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/a9d2f8b3-73ac-43ae-a7ce-13c1fc40eaab/a9d2f8b3-73ac-43ae-a7ce-13c1fc40eaab.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/a9d2f8b3-73ac-43ae-a7ce-13c1fc40eaab/a9d2f8b3-73ac-43ae-a7ce-13c1fc40eaab.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>399</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>032 - Case 30 Henry Lane v Jesse Bright William McCarty v Graham Fitch IN 1857-59</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/032-case-30-henry-lane-v-jesse-bright-william-mccarty-v-graham-fitch-in-1857-59--69894407</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894407</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:30 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894407/032_case_30_henry_lane_v_jesse_bright_william_mccarty_v_graham_fitch_in_1857_59.mp3" length="4538906" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/7162f480-613e-495c-a148-68d4c11c5791/7162f480-613e-495c-a148-68d4c11c5791.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/7162f480-613e-495c-a148-68d4c11c5791/7162f480-613e-495c-a148-68d4c11c5791.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/7162f480-613e-495c-a148-68d4c11c5791/7162f480-613e-495c-a148-68d4c11c5791.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>567</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>031 - Case 29 James Harlan IA 1855-57</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/031-case-29-james-harlan-ia-1855-57--69894405</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894405</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:28 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894405/031_case_29_james_harlan_ia_1855_57.mp3" length="4544298" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/06117284-8a73-44c2-bb5c-bb416380e42b/06117284-8a73-44c2-bb5c-bb416380e42b.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/06117284-8a73-44c2-bb5c-bb416380e42b/06117284-8a73-44c2-bb5c-bb416380e42b.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/06117284-8a73-44c2-bb5c-bb416380e42b/06117284-8a73-44c2-bb5c-bb416380e42b.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>568</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>030 - Case 28 Lyman Trumbull IL 1855-56</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/030-case-28-lyman-trumbull-il-1855-56--69894404</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894404</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:27 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894404/030_case_28_lyman_trumbull_il_1855_56.mp3" length="4702656" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e574749a-cd60-4264-9476-acbc1faa0102/e574749a-cd60-4264-9476-acbc1faa0102.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e574749a-cd60-4264-9476-acbc1faa0102/e574749a-cd60-4264-9476-acbc1faa0102.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/e574749a-cd60-4264-9476-acbc1faa0102/e574749a-cd60-4264-9476-acbc1faa0102.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>588</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>029 - Case 27 Jared Williams NH 1854</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/029-case-27-jared-williams-nh-1854--69894403</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894403</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:25 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894403/029_case_27_jared_williams_nh_1854.mp3" length="3260507" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1c8030fa-ee6b-4b41-9ddf-23df8121b4c8/1c8030fa-ee6b-4b41-9ddf-23df8121b4c8.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1c8030fa-ee6b-4b41-9ddf-23df8121b4c8/1c8030fa-ee6b-4b41-9ddf-23df8121b4c8.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/1c8030fa-ee6b-4b41-9ddf-23df8121b4c8/1c8030fa-ee6b-4b41-9ddf-23df8121b4c8.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>407</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>028 - Case 26 Samuel Phelps VT 1854</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/028-case-26-samuel-phelps-vt-1854--69894402</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894402</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:24 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894402/028_case_26_samuel_phelps_vt_1854.mp3" length="3382463" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/94db2a01-24e0-4aa1-a91d-d5841ba6bb2f/94db2a01-24e0-4aa1-a91d-d5841ba6bb2f.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/94db2a01-24e0-4aa1-a91d-d5841ba6bb2f/94db2a01-24e0-4aa1-a91d-d5841ba6bb2f.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/94db2a01-24e0-4aa1-a91d-d5841ba6bb2f/94db2a01-24e0-4aa1-a91d-d5841ba6bb2f.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>423</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>027 - Case 25 Archibald Dixon KY 1852</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/027-case-25-archibald-dixon-ky-1852--69894401</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894401</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:23 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894401/027_case_25_archibald_dixon_ky_1852.mp3" length="3271386" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/27ce49ce-e996-4c81-94cf-ddc3156888bf/27ce49ce-e996-4c81-94cf-ddc3156888bf.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/27ce49ce-e996-4c81-94cf-ddc3156888bf/27ce49ce-e996-4c81-94cf-ddc3156888bf.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/27ce49ce-e996-4c81-94cf-ddc3156888bf/27ce49ce-e996-4c81-94cf-ddc3156888bf.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>409</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>026 - Case 24 David Yulee v Stephen Mallory FL 1851-52</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/026-case-24-david-yulee-v-stephen-mallory-fl-1851-52--69894399</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894399</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:21 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894399/026_case_24_david_yulee_v_stephen_mallory_fl_1851_52.mp3" length="3707980" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/96f2f18c-bc41-43d6-a6d9-e6f7f6035e3f/96f2f18c-bc41-43d6-a6d9-e6f7f6035e3f.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/96f2f18c-bc41-43d6-a6d9-e6f7f6035e3f/96f2f18c-bc41-43d6-a6d9-e6f7f6035e3f.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/96f2f18c-bc41-43d6-a6d9-e6f7f6035e3f/96f2f18c-bc41-43d6-a6d9-e6f7f6035e3f.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>463</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>025 - Case 23 Robert C Winthrop MA 1851</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/025-case-23-robert-c-winthrop-ma-1851--69894398</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894398</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:20 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894398/025_case_23_robert_c_winthrop_ma_1851.mp3" length="2881253" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>360</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>024 - Case 22 Thomas Hart Benton MO and Henry S Foote MS 1850</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/024-case-22-thomas-hart-benton-mo-and-henry-s-foote-ms-1850--69894396</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894396</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:18 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894396/024_case_22_thomas_hart_benton_mo_and_henry_s_foote_ms_1850.mp3" length="3681423" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>460</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>023 - Case 21 James Shields IL 1849</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/023-case-21-james-shields-il-1849--69894395</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894395</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:17 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894395/023_case_21_james_shields_il_1849.mp3" length="3878030" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>485</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>022 - Case 20 John M Clayton DE Spencer Jarnagin TN Walter T Colquitt GA 1846</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/022-case-20-john-m-clayton-de-spencer-jarnagin-tn-walter-t-colquitt-ga-1846--69894393</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894393</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:16 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894393/022_case_20_john_m_clayton_de_spencer_jarnagin_tn_walter_t_colquitt_ga_1846.mp3" length="4239977" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>530</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>021 - Case 19 John M Niles CT 1844</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/021-case-19-john-m-niles-ct-1844--69894392</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894392</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:14 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894392/021_case_19_john_m_niles_ct_1844.mp3" length="3371585" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>421</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>020 - Case 18 Benjamin Tapper OH 1844</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/020-case-18-benjamin-tapper-oh-1844--69894391</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894391</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894391/020_case_18_benjamin_tapper_oh_1844.mp3" length="3151939" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>394</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>019 - Case 17 John Ruggles ME 1838</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/019-case-17-john-ruggles-me-1838--69894390</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894390</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:11 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894390/019_case_17_john_ruggles_me_1838.mp3" length="2237365" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>280</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>018 - Case 16 Ambrose H Sevier AR 1837</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/018-case-16-ambrose-h-sevier-ar-1837--69894389</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894389</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:10 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894389/018_case_16_ambrose_h_sevier_ar_1837.mp3" length="2970158" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>371</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>017 - Case 15 George Poindexter MS 1835</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/017-case-15-george-poindexter-ms-1835--69894388</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894388</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:09 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894388/017_case_15_george_poindexter_ms_1835.mp3" length="3212398" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>401</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>016 - Case 14 Elisha R Potter v Asher Robbins RI 1833-34</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/016-case-14-elisha-r-potter-v-asher-robbins-ri-1833-34--69894386</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894386</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:08 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894386/016_case_14_elisha_r_potter_v_asher_robbins_ri_1833_34.mp3" length="3830779" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>479</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>015 - Case 13 Ephraim Bateman NJ 1827-28</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/015-case-13-ephraim-bateman-nj-1827-28--69894385</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894385</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:06 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894385/015_case_13_ephraim_bateman_nj_1827_28.mp3" length="2926439" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>366</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>014 - Case 12 James Lanman CT 1825</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/014-case-12-james-lanman-ct-1825--69894384</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894384</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:05 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894384/014_case_12_james_lanman_ct_1825.mp3" length="3213230" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>402</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>013 - Case 11 Jesse Bledsoe KY 1815</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/013-case-11-jesse-bledsoe-ky-1815--69894383</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894383</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:03 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894383/013_case_11_jesse_bledsoe_ky_1815.mp3" length="2128379" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>266</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>012 - Case 10 Timothy Pickering MA 1810-11</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/012-case-10-timothy-pickering-ma-1810-11--69894382</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894382</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:02 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894382/012_case_10_timothy_pickering_ma_1810_11.mp3" length="3838712" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>480</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>011 - Case 9 Stanley Griswold OH 1809</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/011-case-9-stanley-griswold-oh-1809--69894381</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894381</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:19:00 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894381/011_case_9_stanley_griswold_oh_1809.mp3" length="1841584" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>230</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>010 - Case 8 Samuel Smith MD 1809</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/010-case-8-samuel-smith-md-1809--69894380</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894380</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:59 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894380/010_case_8_samuel_smith_md_1809.mp3" length="3083742" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>385</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>009 - Case 7 John Smith OH 1807-08</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/009-case-7-john-smith-oh-1807-08--69894379</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894379</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:58 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894379/009_case_7_john_smith_oh_1807_08.mp3" length="5594214" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>699</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>008 - Case 6 Uriah Tracy CT 1801</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/008-case-6-uriah-tracy-ct-1801--69894377</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894377</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:56 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894377/008_case_6_uriah_tracy_ct_1801.mp3" length="1771918" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>222</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>007 - Case 5 William Blount TN 1797</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/007-case-5-william-blount-tn-1797--69894375</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894375</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:54 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894375/007_case_5_william_blount_tn_1797.mp3" length="3632444" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>454</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>006 - Case 4 William Blount and William Cocke TN 1796</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/006-case-4-william-blount-and-william-cocke-tn-1796--69894373</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894373</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:53 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894373/006_case_4_william_blount_and_william_cocke_tn_1796.mp3" length="3434152" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>429</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>005 - Case 3 Humphrey Marshall KY 1796</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/005-case-3-humphrey-marshall-ky-1796--69894372</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894372</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:51 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894372/005_case_3_humphrey_marshall_ky_1796.mp3" length="3067010" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>383</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>004 - Case 2 Kensey Johns DE 1794</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/004-case-2-kensey-johns-de-1794--69894370</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894370</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:50 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894370/004_case_2_kensey_johns_de_1794.mp3" length="2530855" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>316</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>003 - Case 1 Albert Gallatin PA 1793-94</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/003-case-1-albert-gallatin-pa-1793-94--69894369</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>563</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>002 - Introduction II Discipline Procedures laws and committees types of disciplinary cases</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/002-introduction-ii-discipline-procedures-laws-and-committees-types-of-disciplinary-cases--69894368</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894368</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:47 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894368/002_introduction_ii_discipline_procedures_laws_and_committees_types_of_disciplinary_cases.mp3" length="8093030" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. Butler, Wendy Wolff</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1011</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>001 - Introduction I Elections Election laws Senate election procedures and committees types of election c</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/001-introduction-i-elections-election-laws-senate-election-procedures-and-committees-types-of-election-c--69894367</link><description><![CDATA[Article I, section 5, of the United States Constitution empowers each house of Congress to judge the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members, along with the authority to discipline them for disorderly behavior. From 1793 to 1990, over 200 senators encountered challenges regarding their credentials, whether due to qualification issues, election irregularities, or disciplinary actions for offenses ranging from public corruption to providing aid to the Confederacy, as well as various acts that tarnished the Senates reputation. Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69894367</guid><pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 21:18:44 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69894367/001_introduction_i_elections_election_laws_senate_election_procedures_and_committees_types_of_election_c.mp3" length="23724247" type="audio/mpeg"/><itunes:author>Anne M. 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Researched and penned by the staff of the Congressional Research Service, this compelling chronicle unfolds each case in chronological order, revealing not only the political climate of the times but also the evolving understanding of what it truly means to serve as a United States Senator. - Summary by Joanne Turner.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>2963</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>accountability,censure,constitution,corruption,elections,expulsion,government,history,politics,senate</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/0e75b8c3e3ac7fd0d277df8f9f22ae08.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item></channel></rss>
