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<rss xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" version="2.0"><channel><title>France, Spain and the Rif, Part 2</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/france-spain-and-the-rif-part-2--6841350</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><atom:link href="https://www.spreaker.com/show/6841350/episodes/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><language>en</language><category>History</category><copyright>Copyright Plays and Dramas</copyright><image><url>https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg</url><title>France, Spain and the Rif, Part 2</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/france-spain-and-the-rif-part-2--6841350</link></image><lastBuildDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 08:45:06 +0000</lastBuildDate><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:owner><itunes:name>Public Domain</itunes:name><itunes:email>spreaker18@adfreesounds.com</itunes:email></itunes:owner><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:category text="History"/><itunes:category text="News"><itunes:category text="Politics"/></itunes:category><itunes:category text="Science"><itunes:category text="Social Sciences"/></itunes:category><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:type>serial</itunes:type><item><title>001 - Chapter 7 Disembarkation in the Rif</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/001-chapter-7-disembarkation-in-the-rif--69320035</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320035</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:39:45 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320035/001_chapter_7_disembarkation_in_the_rif.mp3" length="15375399" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/0a167734-2560-4c61-8929-693dffd991cf/0a167734-2560-4c61-8929-693dffd991cf.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/0a167734-2560-4c61-8929-693dffd991cf/0a167734-2560-4c61-8929-693dffd991cf.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/0a167734-2560-4c61-8929-693dffd991cf/0a167734-2560-4c61-8929-693dffd991cf.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1920</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>002 - Chapter 8a The French in Morocco</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/002-chapter-8a-the-french-in-morocco--69320036</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320036</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:39:57 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320036/002_chapter_8a_the_french_in_morocco.mp3" length="14229251" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/f99382fd-e529-4237-9f60-a1041038dabd/f99382fd-e529-4237-9f60-a1041038dabd.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/f99382fd-e529-4237-9f60-a1041038dabd/f99382fd-e529-4237-9f60-a1041038dabd.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/f99382fd-e529-4237-9f60-a1041038dabd/f99382fd-e529-4237-9f60-a1041038dabd.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1777</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>003 - Chapter 8b The French in Morocco</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/003-chapter-8b-the-french-in-morocco--69320037</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320037</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:40:08 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320037/003_chapter_8b_the_french_in_morocco.mp3" length="13218034" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/6b993bd5-6b68-46bf-baec-eddb044204b8/6b993bd5-6b68-46bf-baec-eddb044204b8.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/6b993bd5-6b68-46bf-baec-eddb044204b8/6b993bd5-6b68-46bf-baec-eddb044204b8.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/6b993bd5-6b68-46bf-baec-eddb044204b8/6b993bd5-6b68-46bf-baec-eddb044204b8.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1651</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>004 - Chapter 9 The French Campaign Spring 1925</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/004-chapter-9-the-french-campaign-spring-1925--69320041</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320041</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:40:22 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320041/004_chapter_9_the_french_campaign_spring_1925.mp3" length="17375669" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/8e46c842-9c74-41a9-9427-d79b29492860/8e46c842-9c74-41a9-9427-d79b29492860.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/8e46c842-9c74-41a9-9427-d79b29492860/8e46c842-9c74-41a9-9427-d79b29492860.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/8e46c842-9c74-41a9-9427-d79b29492860/8e46c842-9c74-41a9-9427-d79b29492860.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>2170</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>005 - Chapter 10 The French Campaign Summer 1925</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/005-chapter-10-the-french-campaign-summer-1925--69320042</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320042</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:40:41 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320042/005_chapter_10_the_french_campaign_summer_1925.mp3" length="23566187" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/21ef0d6f-30e0-454f-a658-2b286792c5fc/21ef0d6f-30e0-454f-a658-2b286792c5fc.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/21ef0d6f-30e0-454f-a658-2b286792c5fc/21ef0d6f-30e0-454f-a658-2b286792c5fc.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/21ef0d6f-30e0-454f-a658-2b286792c5fc/21ef0d6f-30e0-454f-a658-2b286792c5fc.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>2943</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>006 - Chapter 11 In Search of Peace</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/006-chapter-11-in-search-of-peace--69320043</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320043</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:41:00 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320043/006_chapter_11_in_search_of_peace.mp3" length="24674870" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/65d5d523-8446-4a29-905e-cd7dc5987b92/65d5d523-8446-4a29-905e-cd7dc5987b92.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/65d5d523-8446-4a29-905e-cd7dc5987b92/65d5d523-8446-4a29-905e-cd7dc5987b92.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/65d5d523-8446-4a29-905e-cd7dc5987b92/65d5d523-8446-4a29-905e-cd7dc5987b92.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>3082</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>007 - Chapter 12a The Ujda Conference</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/007-chapter-12a-the-ujda-conference--69320046</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320046</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:41:13 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320046/007_chapter_12a_the_ujda_conference.mp3" length="16361509" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/f8b1f15e-3355-4d23-b6e6-c55ab1764658/f8b1f15e-3355-4d23-b6e6-c55ab1764658.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/f8b1f15e-3355-4d23-b6e6-c55ab1764658/f8b1f15e-3355-4d23-b6e6-c55ab1764658.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/f8b1f15e-3355-4d23-b6e6-c55ab1764658/f8b1f15e-3355-4d23-b6e6-c55ab1764658.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>2043</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>008 - Chapter 12b The Ujda Conference</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/008-chapter-12b-the-ujda-conference--69320047</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320047</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:41:24 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320047/008_chapter_12b_the_ujda_conference.mp3" length="12078582" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/5af45296-815d-4512-b04a-afa039f62ca7/5af45296-815d-4512-b04a-afa039f62ca7.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/5af45296-815d-4512-b04a-afa039f62ca7/5af45296-815d-4512-b04a-afa039f62ca7.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/5af45296-815d-4512-b04a-afa039f62ca7/5af45296-815d-4512-b04a-afa039f62ca7.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>1509</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item><item><title>009 - Chapter 13 Surrender of Abdel Krim</title><link>https://www.spreaker.com/episode/009-chapter-13-surrender-of-abdel-krim--69320049</link><description><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></description><guid isPermaLink="false">https://api.spreaker.com/episode/69320049</guid><pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:41:45 +0000</pubDate><enclosure url="https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/api.spreaker.com/download/episode/69320049/009_chapter_13_surrender_of_abdel_krim.mp3" length="25368964" type="audio/mpeg"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/81e354c5-02ea-4b02-88f6-999f3c553fd5/81e354c5-02ea-4b02-88f6-999f3c553fd5.srt" type="application/x-subrip" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/81e354c5-02ea-4b02-88f6-999f3c553fd5/81e354c5-02ea-4b02-88f6-999f3c553fd5.txt" type="text/plain" language="en"/><podcast:transcript url="https://transcription.spreaker.com/starship/81e354c5-02ea-4b02-88f6-999f3c553fd5/81e354c5-02ea-4b02-88f6-999f3c553fd5.vtt" type="text/vtt" language="en"/><itunes:author>Walter Burton Harris</itunes:author><itunes:subtitle>Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa...</itunes:subtitle><itunes:summary><![CDATA[Dive into the tumultuous era of the Rif War, a brutal conflict between 1921 and 1926 that marked a dark chapter in colonial history. This five-year struggle was not only a desperate attempt by Spain to assert control over a territory in North Africa granted to them by France, but it was also a catastrophic venture that left a deep scar on all parties involved—the Spanish, the French, and the Rifian people. With over forty thousand Spanish casualties and a nation left humiliated, the war set the stage for the fall of Alfonso XIII, civil unrest, and the rise of Franco. Meanwhile, the French Republic, entangled in its own colonial ambitions in Morocco, faced eighteen thousand casualties. The conflict sparked widespread outrage among the French left and served as a catalyst for anti-colonial movements that would echo for decades. Ultimately, the valiant resistance led by Abd El-Krim’s Republic of the Rif was crushed by a formidable opposing force, numbering nearly half a million troops, equipped with tanks and aircraft. The use of chemical weapons against civilian populations further darkened this already grim narrative. Interestingly, during the war, Spain and France signed the Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons—though the treaty would not take effect until 1928. It’s a poignant reminder of the moral complexities of war. This gripping account is narrated by Alister, based on the observations of Walter Burton Harris, a British correspondent for The Times who had deep ties to Morocco since 1887.]]></itunes:summary><itunes:duration>3168</itunes:duration><itunes:keywords>abd el-krim,chemical weapons,colonialism,conflict,france,history,politics,rif,spain,war</itunes:keywords><itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit><itunes:image href="https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/def3eb89ebc4cdae74acd58aac24d5f1.jpg"/><itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType></item></channel></rss>
