https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/prostho-cd--4559839enCoursesCopyright Dr. Mayakha Mariamhttps://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_rss_itunes_square_1400/images.spreaker.com/original/eed263c3adcdd17f0c7c8f11300b0a2d.jpghttps://www.spreaker.com/podcast/prostho-cd--4559839Thu, 25 Sep 2025 12:22:43 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamDr. Mayakha Mariamthegulfiedentist@gmail.comThese are Lectures from The Gulfie Dentist Coachingfalseepisodichttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/6-gag-reflex--405647961. Excess thickness of PPS (main reason)
2. Over extension of denture tray
3. Under the extension of denture tray
4. Over post dam
5. Under post dam

SYSTEMIC REASONS OF GAG REFLEX
If the patient had no gag for years after delivery of the new denture, and then recently develops the gag reflex on denture use – then suspect systemic problem & is definitely not due to the denture itself


SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXTENDED MAX DISTO-PALATAL END
1. Ulcer 2. Sure throat 3. Dysphagia]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564796Wed, 29 Dec 2021 14:13:00 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamGAG REFLEX: 1. Excess thickness of PPS (main reason) 2. Over extension of denture tray 3. Under the extension of denture tray 4. Over post dam 5. Under post dam SYSTEMIC REASONS OF GAG REFLEX If the patient had no gag for years after delivery of the...1. Excess thickness of PPS (main reason)
2. Over extension of denture tray
3. Under the extension of denture tray
4. Over post dam
5. Under post dam

SYSTEMIC REASONS OF GAG REFLEX
If the patient had no gag for years after delivery of the new denture, and then recently develops the gag reflex on denture use – then suspect systemic problem & is definitely not due to the denture itself


SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXTENDED MAX DISTO-PALATAL END
1. Ulcer 2. Sure throat 3. Dysphagia]]>141falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/1-mental-attitudes--40564783-By MM Hose

1. PHYSIOLOGICAL
- Cooperative
- Good prognosis

2. EXACTING
- Patient will have previous history of denture wearing
- Needs exactly as their prev denture
- Demanding attitude

3. INDIFFERENT

4. HYSTERICAL
- Seen in pedo cases
- Temper & tantrum*
- Poor prognosis
- Hand-over-mouth behavior management is to be used here- HOME]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564783Sat, 29 Aug 2020 14:13:58 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamMENTAL ATTITUDE -By MM Hose 1. PHYSIOLOGICAL - Cooperative - Good prognosis 2. EXACTING - Patient will have previous history of denture wearing - Needs exactly as their prev denture - Demanding attitude 3. INDIFFERENT 4. HYSTERICAL - Seen in pedo...-By MM Hose

1. PHYSIOLOGICAL
- Cooperative
- Good prognosis

2. EXACTING
- Patient will have previous history of denture wearing
- Needs exactly as their prev denture
- Demanding attitude

3. INDIFFERENT

4. HYSTERICAL
- Seen in pedo cases
- Temper & tantrum*
- Poor prognosis
- Hand-over-mouth behavior management is to be used here- HOME]]>162falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/2-maxillary-denture-1--40564809
PRIMARY STRESS-BEARING AREA
Posterolateral slopes of the hard palate

PRIMARY RELIEF AREAS
Mid-palatine raphae
Incisive papilla
- Why it needs relief? Contains nasopalatine nerve* & not incisive nerve OK!
- When compressed, causes paresthesia of anterior palate*
Rugae
- Secondary relief – optional answer for primary relief OK!


PRIMARY RETENTION AREA

Post Palatal Seal area
THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR PROVIDING RETENTION OF A CD IS THE PERIPHERAL SEAL.
PP Seal: At the soft palate

SOFT PALATE:
- Supplied by the accessory nerve of the Vagus nerve
- Thus any patient with vagus nerve damage – will not be able to record PPS – thus no retention here]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564809Sat, 29 Aug 2020 14:13:48 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamMAXILLARY DENTURE PRIMARY STRESS-BEARING AREA Posterolateral slopes of the hard palate PRIMARY RELIEF AREAS Mid-palatine raphae Incisive papilla - Why it needs relief? Contains nasopalatine nerve* & not incisive nerve OK! - When compressed, causes...
PRIMARY STRESS-BEARING AREA
Posterolateral slopes of the hard palate

PRIMARY RELIEF AREAS
Mid-palatine raphae
Incisive papilla
- Why it needs relief? Contains nasopalatine nerve* & not incisive nerve OK!
- When compressed, causes paresthesia of anterior palate*
Rugae
- Secondary relief – optional answer for primary relief OK!


PRIMARY RETENTION AREA

Post Palatal Seal area
THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR PROVIDING RETENTION OF A CD IS THE PERIPHERAL SEAL.
PP Seal: At the soft palate

SOFT PALATE:
- Supplied by the accessory nerve of the Vagus nerve
- Thus any patient with vagus nerve damage – will not be able to record PPS – thus no retention here]]>229falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/3-maxillary-denture-2--40564810At the junction of immovable hard palate & slightly movable soft palate (cupid bow shape)

RECORDING ANT. VIBRATING LINE:
- During border-molding – short & vigorous “hah”
- Ask the patient to blow through closed nostrils – Valsavan Maneuver
- Soft palate should be depressed & inferior*
- Hold head at 30° flexion
- Fox plane angulation – 30°
- While recording soft palate should fall gradually* for easy recording

Posterior Vibrating Line: At the junction of slightly movable soft palate & highly movable soft palate
- PPS recording angulation – 30°
- It is a straight line*, from one hamular notch to the other
- Anatomically – the junction between aponeurosis of tensor veli palatini & muscular portion of soft palate*]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564810Sat, 29 Aug 2020 14:13:40 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamAnterior Vibrating Line: At the junction of immovable hard palate & slightly movable soft palate (cupid bow shape) RECORDING ANT. VIBRATING LINE: - During border-molding – short & vigorous “hah” - Ask the patient to blow through closed nostrils –...At the junction of immovable hard palate & slightly movable soft palate (cupid bow shape)

RECORDING ANT. VIBRATING LINE:
- During border-molding – short & vigorous “hah”
- Ask the patient to blow through closed nostrils – Valsavan Maneuver
- Soft palate should be depressed & inferior*
- Hold head at 30° flexion
- Fox plane angulation – 30°
- While recording soft palate should fall gradually* for easy recording

Posterior Vibrating Line: At the junction of slightly movable soft palate & highly movable soft palate
- PPS recording angulation – 30°
- It is a straight line*, from one hamular notch to the other
- Anatomically – the junction between aponeurosis of tensor veli palatini & muscular portion of soft palate*]]>330falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/4-maxillary-denture-3--40564811- Depression distal to the maxillary tuberosity
- Used as a landmark for posterior extension of the maxillary denture

RECORDS ON THE IMPRESSION – Anatomical Structures
1. Ant. vibrating line
2. Post. Vibrating line important
3. Hamular notch
4. Fovea palatine --------- least important
NB : PPS is marked on cast using – Lecron’s carver*


PARTS OF PPS:
- PPS area
- Pterygomaxillary area

Ant. Vibrating Line Post. Vibrating Line

BORDERS OF PPS:
- Ant vibrating line
- Post vibrating line
- Hamular notch
- Fovea palatine

FUNCTION OF PPS:
- Improves retention
- Completes the border seal of the maxillary denture
- Compensation of polymerization shrinkage
- Prevent food lodgement

NB : If food lodgement is not prevented – causes gag reflex – glossopharyngeal nerve involved here]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564811Sat, 29 Aug 2020 14:13:29 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamHamular Notch / Pterygomaxillary notch - Depression distal to the maxillary tuberosity - Used as a landmark for posterior extension of the maxillary denture RECORDS ON THE IMPRESSION – Anatomical Structures 1. Ant. vibrating line 2. Post. Vibrating...- Depression distal to the maxillary tuberosity
- Used as a landmark for posterior extension of the maxillary denture

RECORDS ON THE IMPRESSION – Anatomical Structures
1. Ant. vibrating line
2. Post. Vibrating line important
3. Hamular notch
4. Fovea palatine --------- least important
NB : PPS is marked on cast using – Lecron’s carver*


PARTS OF PPS:
- PPS area
- Pterygomaxillary area

Ant. Vibrating Line Post. Vibrating Line

BORDERS OF PPS:
- Ant vibrating line
- Post vibrating line
- Hamular notch
- Fovea palatine

FUNCTION OF PPS:
- Improves retention
- Completes the border seal of the maxillary denture
- Compensation of polymerization shrinkage
- Prevent food lodgement

NB : If food lodgement is not prevented – causes gag reflex – glossopharyngeal nerve involved here]]>237falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/5-maxillary-limiting-structures--40564799
1. ANTERIORLY- Labial vestibule which extends from right buccal frenum to to left.

FRENUM
- 1 labia & 2 buccal
- Should reline (2mm)
- If not will lose frenum & cause pain for the patient
NB: If high labial frenum --> Do frenectomy, it is safe as it has no muscle attachment but only
fibrous tissue

2. LATERALLY- on either side, buccal vestibule extending from the buccal frenum till hamular notch
POSTERIOR EXTENSION OF TRAY:
- Post vibrating line***
- Hamular notch** not hamular process (which is beyond the notch itself OK)
- Approx 2mm anterior to Fovea palatine *

NB: If tray extension crosses & goes beyond hamular notch ie up until the hamular process then the patient will c/o pain.
Therefore it must extend up to hamular notch only OK!]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564799Sat, 29 Aug 2020 14:13:19 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamLIMITING STRUCTURES – MAXILLA 1. ANTERIORLY- Labial vestibule which extends from right buccal frenum to to left. FRENUM - 1 labia & 2 buccal - Should reline (2mm) - If not will lose frenum & cause pain for the patient NB: If high labial frenum -->...
1. ANTERIORLY- Labial vestibule which extends from right buccal frenum to to left.

FRENUM
- 1 labia & 2 buccal
- Should reline (2mm)
- If not will lose frenum & cause pain for the patient
NB: If high labial frenum --> Do frenectomy, it is safe as it has no muscle attachment but only
fibrous tissue

2. LATERALLY- on either side, buccal vestibule extending from the buccal frenum till hamular notch
POSTERIOR EXTENSION OF TRAY:
- Post vibrating line***
- Hamular notch** not hamular process (which is beyond the notch itself OK)
- Approx 2mm anterior to Fovea palatine *

NB: If tray extension crosses & goes beyond hamular notch ie up until the hamular process then the patient will c/o pain.
Therefore it must extend up to hamular notch only OK!]]>271falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/7-mandibular-denture--40564798- Because it is made of cortical bone
- It is perpendicular to masticatory forces / occlusal plane

TRetromolar pad is Secondary stress-bearing area
- It provides retention, support & stability
- It adds another plane to the movement of the denture

Posterior most extension- 2/3rd height of the retromolar pad

Mandibular dentures do not rely on suction unlike max dentures, they get maximum stability by
covering as much basal bone as possible without impinging on the muscle attachments.]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564798Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:38:51 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamMANDIBULAR DENTURE PRIMARY STRESS BEARING AREA Buccal Shelf Area - Because it is made of cortical bone - It is perpendicular to masticatory forces / occlusal plane TRetromolar pad is Secondary stress-bearing area - It provides retention, support &...- Because it is made of cortical bone
- It is perpendicular to masticatory forces / occlusal plane

TRetromolar pad is Secondary stress-bearing area
- It provides retention, support & stability
- It adds another plane to the movement of the denture

Posterior most extension- 2/3rd height of the retromolar pad

Mandibular dentures do not rely on suction unlike max dentures, they get maximum stability by
covering as much basal bone as possible without impinging on the muscle attachments.]]>142falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/8-mandibular-limiting-structures--40564812
1. Mentalis Muscle: The mandibular anterior area from left buccal frenum to right buccal frenum.

2. Buccinator Muscle: The determination of the depth & width of both max & mand denture into the buccal vestibule is the buccinator muscle; thereby preventing food lodgement there.

3. Massetric muscle: Distobuccal flange of denture is limited by this muscle. If over-extended, the patient experiences extreme soreness.

4. Genioglossus Muscle: Denture extension into the lingual vestibule is determined by the genioglossus muscle (1st PM to contralateral side 1st PM).

5. Mylohyoid Muscle: Denture extension in the alveo-lingual sulcus is determined by oral diaphragm / mylohyoid muscle.

6. Retromylohyoid Area :
a. Superior Constrictor Muscle: Disto-lingual aspect of mandibular denture is determined by the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx.
b. Palatoglossus Muscle: Post most extension is determined by palatoglossus; whereas post most height is determined by 2/3rd of the retromolar pad.]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564812Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:38:35 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamLIMITING STRUCTURES – MUSCLES 1. Mentalis Muscle: The mandibular anterior area from left buccal frenum to right buccal frenum. 2. Buccinator Muscle: The determination of the depth & width of both max & mand denture into the buccal vestibule is the...
1. Mentalis Muscle: The mandibular anterior area from left buccal frenum to right buccal frenum.

2. Buccinator Muscle: The determination of the depth & width of both max & mand denture into the buccal vestibule is the buccinator muscle; thereby preventing food lodgement there.

3. Massetric muscle: Distobuccal flange of denture is limited by this muscle. If over-extended, the patient experiences extreme soreness.

4. Genioglossus Muscle: Denture extension into the lingual vestibule is determined by the genioglossus muscle (1st PM to contralateral side 1st PM).

5. Mylohyoid Muscle: Denture extension in the alveo-lingual sulcus is determined by oral diaphragm / mylohyoid muscle.

6. Retromylohyoid Area :
a. Superior Constrictor Muscle: Disto-lingual aspect of mandibular denture is determined by the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx.
b. Palatoglossus Muscle: Post most extension is determined by palatoglossus; whereas post most height is determined by 2/3rd of the retromolar pad.]]>219falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/9-muscles-and-dislodgement--40564813
1. If patient c/o pain & dislodgement
o If the anterior lingual sulcus is over-extended
o Genioglossus – ant region - Helps protrusion
o It is the safety muscle of the tongue

2. If denture dislodges during mouth opening
o Due to overextended denture at Mylohyoid – PM, M region

3. If sore throat, pain, dysphagia
o Due to over extended flange in the post most part – Palatoglossus – 3rd M region
o Or even at the massetric area

4. If difficulty in swallowing
o Due to over extended – Superior Constrictor – distolingual part]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564813Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:38:26 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamMUSCLES AND POST-INSERTION PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED: 1. If patient c/o pain & dislodgement o If the anterior lingual sulcus is over-extended o Genioglossus – ant region - Helps protrusion o It is the safety muscle of the tongue 2. If denture dislodges...
1. If patient c/o pain & dislodgement
o If the anterior lingual sulcus is over-extended
o Genioglossus – ant region - Helps protrusion
o It is the safety muscle of the tongue

2. If denture dislodges during mouth opening
o Due to overextended denture at Mylohyoid – PM, M region

3. If sore throat, pain, dysphagia
o Due to over extended flange in the post most part – Palatoglossus – 3rd M region
o Or even at the massetric area

4. If difficulty in swallowing
o Due to over extended – Superior Constrictor – distolingual part]]>153falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/10-residual-ridge-resorption--40564815
¤ Severe/fast in 6 months (to 1 year)
¤ That’s why the patient complains of the loose denture during this period
¤ Pattern in Max- results in the short maxilla
¤ Pattern in Mand- results in no change
¤ Therefore CD patients have Class 3 ridge which is expected
¤ Mand ridge resorption is 4 times faster than Max
¤ Maxillary – upward & inward direction
¤ Mandibular – outward & downward direction
¤ Alveolar bone function – to hold teeth, therefore alveolar bone resorbs only after teeth loss OK!

FACTORS INCREASING RIDGE RESORPTION:
1. Diabetes
2. Bruxism
3. Osteoporosis ( especially females- during menopause )

NB: Female patients at Menopause (40yrs)
- Pain due to xerostomia
- Loose denture due to ridge resorption related to osteoporosis]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564815Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:38:20 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamRESIDUAL RIDGE RESORPTION: ¤ Severe/fast in 6 months (to 1 year) ¤ That’s why the patient complains of the loose denture during this period ¤ Pattern in Max- results in the short maxilla ¤ Pattern in Mand- results in no change ¤ Therefore CD patients...
¤ Severe/fast in 6 months (to 1 year)
¤ That’s why the patient complains of the loose denture during this period
¤ Pattern in Max- results in the short maxilla
¤ Pattern in Mand- results in no change
¤ Therefore CD patients have Class 3 ridge which is expected
¤ Mand ridge resorption is 4 times faster than Max
¤ Maxillary – upward & inward direction
¤ Mandibular – outward & downward direction
¤ Alveolar bone function – to hold teeth, therefore alveolar bone resorbs only after teeth loss OK!

FACTORS INCREASING RIDGE RESORPTION:
1. Diabetes
2. Bruxism
3. Osteoporosis ( especially females- during menopause )

NB: Female patients at Menopause (40yrs)
- Pain due to xerostomia
- Loose denture due to ridge resorption related to osteoporosis]]>230falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/11-immediate-denture--405648161. Extract molars only – 1st appointment – leave PMs & anteriors if any
2. Take impression, do border molding, secondary impression
3. Pour cast n send to the lab
4. In the lab, they trim anteriors & PMs in cast
5. Fabricate CD
6. Extract rest teeth – 2nd appointment
7. Do alveoloplasty
8. Suture – interrupted suture
9. Give denture
10. Recall & check-up after 24hrs - 48hrs

NB: EPULIS FISSURATUM may develop in vestibules of denture patients after 6 months or so

Advantages:
- Maintainance of aesthetic condition
- Since PMs are not extracted – VD can be recorded
- Immediate protection of the surgical site
- No speech impairment

Disadvantages:
- No try-in
- Will require religning / rebasing after 3-6 months]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564816Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:38:13 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamIMMEDIATE DENTURE 1. Extract molars only – 1st appointment – leave PMs & anteriors if any 2. Take impression, do border molding, secondary impression 3. Pour cast n send to the lab 4. In the lab, they trim anteriors & PMs in cast 5. Fabricate CD 6....1. Extract molars only – 1st appointment – leave PMs & anteriors if any
2. Take impression, do border molding, secondary impression
3. Pour cast n send to the lab
4. In the lab, they trim anteriors & PMs in cast
5. Fabricate CD
6. Extract rest teeth – 2nd appointment
7. Do alveoloplasty
8. Suture – interrupted suture
9. Give denture
10. Recall & check-up after 24hrs - 48hrs

NB: EPULIS FISSURATUM may develop in vestibules of denture patients after 6 months or so

Advantages:
- Maintainance of aesthetic condition
- Since PMs are not extracted – VD can be recorded
- Immediate protection of the surgical site
- No speech impairment

Disadvantages:
- No try-in
- Will require religning / rebasing after 3-6 months]]>304falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/12-impression-materials-gypsum--40564817
TYPE I – IMPRESION PLASTER
- To take impression not to pour cast
- Mucostatic type impression technique

TYPE II – DENTAL / MODELING PLASTER
- For flasking procedure
- Orthodontic diagnostic casts

TYPE III – DENTAL STONE
- For making diagnostic cast
- Also called Yellow Stone / Micro stone

TYPE IV – DIE STONE--Low Expansion
- High strength
- Least setting expansion
- For pouring cast, base, for crowns bridges & implants, etc.
- Also called Densite

TYPE V – DIE STONE – High Expansion
- High strength
- High setting expansion
- For dies for crown & bridge
- Also called DieKeen


NB :
Accelorator:
- Sulphate
- Least amount of sodium chloride
Retarder
- A-Acetate, B-Borate, C-Citrate
- Higher amount of sodium chloride]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564817Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:38:07 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamIMPRESSION MATERIALS GYPSUM MATERIALS TYPE I – IMPRESION PLASTER - To take impression not to pour cast - Mucostatic type impression technique TYPE II – DENTAL / MODELING PLASTER - For flasking procedure - Orthodontic diagnostic casts TYPE III –...
TYPE I – IMPRESION PLASTER
- To take impression not to pour cast
- Mucostatic type impression technique

TYPE II – DENTAL / MODELING PLASTER
- For flasking procedure
- Orthodontic diagnostic casts

TYPE III – DENTAL STONE
- For making diagnostic cast
- Also called Yellow Stone / Micro stone

TYPE IV – DIE STONE--Low Expansion
- High strength
- Least setting expansion
- For pouring cast, base, for crowns bridges & implants, etc.
- Also called Densite

TYPE V – DIE STONE – High Expansion
- High strength
- High setting expansion
- For dies for crown & bridge
- Also called DieKeen


NB :
Accelorator:
- Sulphate
- Least amount of sodium chloride
Retarder
- A-Acetate, B-Borate, C-Citrate
- Higher amount of sodium chloride]]>241falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/13-impression-materials-agar--40564818- Reversible Agar-agar & Irreversible Alginate
- They both have IMBIBITION (absorbs water) & SYNERGISIS (loss of water);
- Similar reaction to water property makes them under hydrocolloids title

AGAR-AGAR
- Reversible hydrocolloid
- Major composition is water – about 85%
- Contains potassium Sulphate – thus helps accelerate the setting of a gypsum cast
- Tempering at 46°C
- Used in the lab to duplicate master cast
- No sterilization protocol needed – advantage
- Reproduction of surface details even up to 25 microns, therefore excellent
- Impression trays – have water coolant channel
- Triple tray technique]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564818Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:37:57 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamHYDROCOLLOIDS - Reversible Agar-agar & Irreversible Alginate - They both have IMBIBITION (absorbs water) & SYNERGISIS (loss of water); - Similar reaction to water property makes them under hydrocolloids title AGAR-AGAR - Reversible hydrocolloid -...- Reversible Agar-agar & Irreversible Alginate
- They both have IMBIBITION (absorbs water) & SYNERGISIS (loss of water);
- Similar reaction to water property makes them under hydrocolloids title

AGAR-AGAR
- Reversible hydrocolloid
- Major composition is water – about 85%
- Contains potassium Sulphate – thus helps accelerate the setting of a gypsum cast
- Tempering at 46°C
- Used in the lab to duplicate master cast
- No sterilization protocol needed – advantage
- Reproduction of surface details even up to 25 microns, therefore excellent
- Impression trays – have water coolant channel
- Triple tray technique]]>263falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/14-impression-materials-alginate--40564800- Irreversible hydrocolloid
- Content Is sodium or potassium salt of alginic acid –
- Advantages
¤ Economical/cheap
¤ Single use, therefore no cross-infection
¤ Sterilization done here
- Laminate technique ie. alginate (tray) + agar (syringe)
- Trisodium phosphate – setting reaction
- Filler used is - Diatomaceous earth – for strength

ALGINATE IMPRESSION TAKING:
1. Right after alginate impression  wash under tap water  disinfect with 2% glutaraldehyde (1st choice) / cidex / iodoform – for 10 seconds
2. Pour immediately – within 15mins
3. If not distortion & poor cast due to synergesis
4. When sending the impression directly to lab – store in 100% humidity – up to 45mins only
5. Ie. Cotton dipped in water, drained & kept along with the impression in the plastic cover
6. Do not put soaked cotton directly – will cause imbibition
7. If alginate dries out – will affect the setting of dental stone also – due to absorption of water from cast by alginate – causes rough cast –
8. Anticholinergic drugs are generally used to reduce saliva in patients with excess salivation]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564800Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:37:51 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamALGINATE - Irreversible hydrocolloid - Content Is sodium or potassium salt of alginic acid – - Advantages ¤ Economical/cheap ¤ Single use, therefore no cross-infection ¤ Sterilization done here - Laminate technique ie. alginate (tray) + agar (syringe)...- Irreversible hydrocolloid
- Content Is sodium or potassium salt of alginic acid –
- Advantages
¤ Economical/cheap
¤ Single use, therefore no cross-infection
¤ Sterilization done here
- Laminate technique ie. alginate (tray) + agar (syringe)
- Trisodium phosphate – setting reaction
- Filler used is - Diatomaceous earth – for strength

ALGINATE IMPRESSION TAKING:
1. Right after alginate impression  wash under tap water  disinfect with 2% glutaraldehyde (1st choice) / cidex / iodoform – for 10 seconds
2. Pour immediately – within 15mins
3. If not distortion & poor cast due to synergesis
4. When sending the impression directly to lab – store in 100% humidity – up to 45mins only
5. Ie. Cotton dipped in water, drained & kept along with the impression in the plastic cover
6. Do not put soaked cotton directly – will cause imbibition
7. If alginate dries out – will affect the setting of dental stone also – due to absorption of water from cast by alginate – causes rough cast –
8. Anticholinergic drugs are generally used to reduce saliva in patients with excess salivation]]>332falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/15-elastomeric-impression-1--40564782¤ Used for secondary impression generally
¤ Primary impression for knife-edge ridge cases only
¤ Setting reaction is by polymerization type of setting reaction here

POLYSULFIDE
- Hydrophobic
- Catalyst – lead, therefore bad taste, least patient acceptance – disadvantage
- Most biocompatible material due to the sulfide content
- By-products after polymerization – water, which is a large molecule, thus not the best impression material
- Can do electroplating – advantage
- Used in cases with deep undercuts- rubbery consistency
- It has the consistency of thycol rubber, - high tear strength
- Not expensive – advantage
- Must pour the cast within 30 mins
- Not compatible with epoxy resin]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564782Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:37:41 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamELASTOMERIC / SILICONE MATERIAL ¤ Used for secondary impression generally ¤ Primary impression for knife-edge ridge cases only ¤ Setting reaction is by polymerization type of setting reaction here POLYSULFIDE - Hydrophobic - Catalyst – lead,...¤ Used for secondary impression generally
¤ Primary impression for knife-edge ridge cases only
¤ Setting reaction is by polymerization type of setting reaction here

POLYSULFIDE
- Hydrophobic
- Catalyst – lead, therefore bad taste, least patient acceptance – disadvantage
- Most biocompatible material due to the sulfide content
- By-products after polymerization – water, which is a large molecule, thus not the best impression material
- Can do electroplating – advantage
- Used in cases with deep undercuts- rubbery consistency
- It has the consistency of thycol rubber, - high tear strength
- Not expensive – advantage
- Must pour the cast within 30 mins
- Not compatible with epoxy resin]]>252falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/16-elastomeric-impression-2--40564790
- Hydrophobic
- Poor wetting
- Low stability
- Limited shelf life
- Catalyst – tin
- Byproduct – C2H2O4 (ethyl / methyl alcohol) – large byproduct  high polymerization shrinkage
– highest dimensional change, therefore least preferred imp material
- Just economical
- Wear vinyl gloves only
- Wait for 20-30mins before pouring - for stress relaxation]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564790Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:37:31 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamCONDENSATION SILICONE - Hydrophobic - Poor wetting - Low stability - Limited shelf life - Catalyst – tin - Byproduct – C2H2O4 (ethyl / methyl alcohol) – large byproduct  high polymerization shrinkage – highest dimensional change, therefore least...
- Hydrophobic
- Poor wetting
- Low stability
- Limited shelf life
- Catalyst – tin
- Byproduct – C2H2O4 (ethyl / methyl alcohol) – large byproduct  high polymerization shrinkage
– highest dimensional change, therefore least preferred imp material
- Just economical
- Wear vinyl gloves only
- Wait for 20-30mins before pouring - for stress relaxation]]>137falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/17-elastomeric-impression-3--40564791
- Hydrophobic
- Polyvinyl siloxane – another name
- Catalyst – platinum
- By-product – H2 gas – smaller molecule
- Least dimensional change
- Most accurate impression material preferred for onlay cavity
- OSMF patients (less mouth opening)
- Never pour immediately, wait for 30 mins for the release of H2 gas – if not pin-point depression on cast
- Expensive – disadvantage
- Only vinyl gloves – no latex]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564791Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:37:11 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamADDITION SILICONE - Hydrophobic - Polyvinyl siloxane – another name - Catalyst – platinum - By-product – H2 gas – smaller molecule - Least dimensional change - Most accurate impression material preferred for onlay cavity - OSMF patients (less mouth...
- Hydrophobic
- Polyvinyl siloxane – another name
- Catalyst – platinum
- By-product – H2 gas – smaller molecule
- Least dimensional change
- Most accurate impression material preferred for onlay cavity
- OSMF patients (less mouth opening)
- Never pour immediately, wait for 30 mins for the release of H2 gas – if not pin-point depression on cast
- Expensive – disadvantage
- Only vinyl gloves – no latex]]>203falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/18-elastomeric-impression-4--40564784
- Hydrophilic
- No catalyst
- No dimensional change
- But not the best impression material because it's hydrophilic meaning it gets stuck to the oral mucosa & skin. Can absorb water, therefore least compatible
- Difficult to remove from patients’ mouth
- Highly rigid, with a high modulus of elasticity
- Stiff
- Dimensionally stable
- Most preferred in………
- Can be used in epoxy resin dye-making – advantage]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564784Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:35:43 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamPOLYETHER - Hydrophilic - No catalyst - No dimensional change - But not the best impression material because it's hydrophilic meaning it gets stuck to the oral mucosa & skin. Can absorb water, therefore least compatible - Difficult to remove from...
- Hydrophilic
- No catalyst
- No dimensional change
- But not the best impression material because it's hydrophilic meaning it gets stuck to the oral mucosa & skin. Can absorb water, therefore least compatible
- Difficult to remove from patients’ mouth
- Highly rigid, with a high modulus of elasticity
- Stiff
- Dimensionally stable
- Most preferred in………
- Can be used in epoxy resin dye-making – advantage]]>134falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/19-impression-technique--40564789
1. MUCOCOMPRESSIVE – Impression compound, Elastomeric Impression material
2. MUCOSTATIC – Impression plaster
3. SELECTIVE PRESSURE TECHNIQUE

Primary impressions- Gypsum & Hydrocolloids
Secondary impressions - Elastomeric]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564789Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:35:35 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamIMPRESSION TECHNIQUES 1. MUCOCOMPRESSIVE – Impression compound, Elastomeric Impression material 2. MUCOSTATIC – Impression plaster 3. SELECTIVE PRESSURE TECHNIQUE Primary impressions- Gypsum & Hydrocolloids Secondary impressions - Elastomeric
1. MUCOCOMPRESSIVE – Impression compound, Elastomeric Impression material
2. MUCOSTATIC – Impression plaster
3. SELECTIVE PRESSURE TECHNIQUE

Primary impressions- Gypsum & Hydrocolloids
Secondary impressions - Elastomeric]]>42falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/20-types-of-ridges--40564781
WELL ROUNDED
- Mucocompressive technique
- Alginate

KNIFE EDGED
- Mucostatic technique
- Elastomeric Imp.
- Need maximum extension of the denture to help distribute the occlusal forces over a large area.

FLAT RIDGE
- Selective pressure technique
- Imp. Compound

FLABBY RIDGE
- Full muscular tissues and less bone structure
- Impression Plaster - type 1 Gypsum]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564781Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:35:26 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamTYPES OF RIDGES – IMPRESSION WELL ROUNDED - Mucocompressive technique - Alginate KNIFE EDGED - Mucostatic technique - Elastomeric Imp. - Need maximum extension of the denture to help distribute the occlusal forces over a large area. FLAT RIDGE -...
WELL ROUNDED
- Mucocompressive technique
- Alginate

KNIFE EDGED
- Mucostatic technique
- Elastomeric Imp.
- Need maximum extension of the denture to help distribute the occlusal forces over a large area.

FLAT RIDGE
- Selective pressure technique
- Imp. Compound

FLABBY RIDGE
- Full muscular tissues and less bone structure
- Impression Plaster - type 1 Gypsum]]>112falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/21-impression-trays--40564820
Primary impression – perforated trays

Border molding – special/custom trays
- Major function is to provide even thickness of impression material to the structures
- To provide support for green stick for border molding
- Should trim 2-4 mm from the sulcus depth]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564820Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:35:11 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamIMPRESSSION TRAYS Primary impression – perforated trays Border molding – special/custom trays - Major function is to provide even thickness of impression material to the structures - To provide support for green stick for border molding - Should...
Primary impression – perforated trays

Border molding – special/custom trays
- Major function is to provide even thickness of impression material to the structures
- To provide support for green stick for border molding
- Should trim 2-4 mm from the sulcus depth]]>107falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/22-occlusal-rims--40564822
Maxillary
Height
- Anterior – 22mm
- Posterior – 18mm
Width
- Anterior – 5mm
- Posterior – 8 to 10mm

Mandibular
Height
- Anterior – 18mm
- Posterior – 2/3rd of retromolar pad
Width
- Anterior – 5mm
- Posterior – 8 to 10mm


Temporary Denture Base
- Function – to hold the occlusal rims
- Materials – acrylic or shellac]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564822Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:35:02 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamOCCLUSAL RIMS Maxillary Height - Anterior – 22mm - Posterior – 18mm Width - Anterior – 5mm - Posterior – 8 to 10mm Mandibular Height - Anterior – 18mm - Posterior – 2/3rd of retromolar pad Width - Anterior – 5mm - Posterior – 8 to 10mm Temporary...
Maxillary
Height
- Anterior – 22mm
- Posterior – 18mm
Width
- Anterior – 5mm
- Posterior – 8 to 10mm

Mandibular
Height
- Anterior – 18mm
- Posterior – 2/3rd of retromolar pad
Width
- Anterior – 5mm
- Posterior – 8 to 10mm


Temporary Denture Base
- Function – to hold the occlusal rims
- Materials – acrylic or shellac]]>96falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/23-jaw-relation-1--40564823- Correct the occlusal plane using fox plane
- Occlusal rim with base or record base

Maxillary Plane
a) Ant occlusal plane
o Parallel to interpupilary line
o Strabismus (malaligned pupils ) – parallel to the line of lower lip at rest
b) Post occlusal plane
o Ala-tragus line / Camper’s line
o Parallel with the inferior border of posterior occlusal plane run in anteroposterior direction

Mandibular Plane
Parellel to the maxillary occlusal plane]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564823Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:34:55 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamJAW RELATION & OCCLUSSION - Correct the occlusal plane using fox plane - Occlusal rim with base or record base Maxillary Plane a) Ant occlusal plane o Parallel to interpupilary line o Strabismus (malaligned pupils ) – parallel to the line of lower...- Correct the occlusal plane using fox plane
- Occlusal rim with base or record base

Maxillary Plane
a) Ant occlusal plane
o Parallel to interpupilary line
o Strabismus (malaligned pupils ) – parallel to the line of lower lip at rest
b) Post occlusal plane
o Ala-tragus line / Camper’s line
o Parallel with the inferior border of posterior occlusal plane run in anteroposterior direction

Mandibular Plane
Parellel to the maxillary occlusal plane]]>125falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/24-jaw-relation-2--40564787- Records the hinge axis of a body
- It is the relation of maxillary / mandibular bone to the cranial base
- Not the relation between maxilla & mandible OK!
- FACE BOW – used to record the hinge axis
- 3 points of face bow – 2 ears. Nose tip / root

Centric Occlusion
- Maximum intercuspation of opposing teeth
- It is independent of condylar position
- Maximum intercuspal position

Centric Relation
- It is the maxilla-mandibular relation
- Condylar head of the mandibular articulates with the thinnest avascular position of their respective disc
- Terminal hinge position
- Anterior & superior position ( condylar disc complex )
- Against the slope of the articular eminence

Interocclusal Record Materials (bite registration materials)
- Polyvinyl siloxane – fast-setting material
- Alu wax
- Polyether]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564787Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:34:46 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamOrientation Jaw relation - Records the hinge axis of a body - It is the relation of maxillary / mandibular bone to the cranial base - Not the relation between maxilla & mandible OK! - FACE BOW – used to record the hinge axis - 3 points of face bow – 2...- Records the hinge axis of a body
- It is the relation of maxillary / mandibular bone to the cranial base
- Not the relation between maxilla & mandible OK!
- FACE BOW – used to record the hinge axis
- 3 points of face bow – 2 ears. Nose tip / root

Centric Occlusion
- Maximum intercuspation of opposing teeth
- It is independent of condylar position
- Maximum intercuspal position

Centric Relation
- It is the maxilla-mandibular relation
- Condylar head of the mandibular articulates with the thinnest avascular position of their respective disc
- Terminal hinge position
- Anterior & superior position ( condylar disc complex )
- Against the slope of the articular eminence

Interocclusal Record Materials (bite registration materials)
- Polyvinyl siloxane – fast-setting material
- Alu wax
- Polyether]]>193falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/25-balanced-occlusion--40564797
- It is the simultaneous contact of teeth in a centric and eccentric position
- Relation between maxillary and mandibular teeth
- Working side & non-working side relation
- Mandatory for CD only
- But not possible in natural occlusion, FPD, RPD

- Hanau’s Quint
1) Incisal Guidance
2) Condylar Guidance
3) Compensatory Curves
4) Plane of Occlusion
5) Cuspal Angulation]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564797Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:34:36 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamBalanced Occlusion - It is the simultaneous contact of teeth in a centric and eccentric position - Relation between maxillary and mandibular teeth - Working side & non-working side relation - Mandatory for CD only - But not possible in natural...
- It is the simultaneous contact of teeth in a centric and eccentric position
- Relation between maxillary and mandibular teeth
- Working side & non-working side relation
- Mandatory for CD only
- But not possible in natural occlusion, FPD, RPD

- Hanau’s Quint
1) Incisal Guidance
2) Condylar Guidance
3) Compensatory Curves
4) Plane of Occlusion
5) Cuspal Angulation]]>76falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/26-incisal-guidance--40564801- Angle - 0°
- Also known as Anterior Guidance
- Incisal Pin in the articulator
- Upper & lower anteriors shouldn’t touch
- If not proper – lateral extrusive movement, separation of posterior teeth, class 3 appearance ie. protrusive movement
- In occlusal appliances – Bionator, Activator, Frankel Appliance]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564801Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:34:26 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamIncisal Guidance - Angle - 0° - Also known as Anterior Guidance - Incisal Pin in the articulator - Upper & lower anteriors shouldn’t touch - If not proper – lateral extrusive movement, separation of posterior teeth, class 3 appearance ie. protrusive...- Angle - 0°
- Also known as Anterior Guidance
- Incisal Pin in the articulator
- Upper & lower anteriors shouldn’t touch
- If not proper – lateral extrusive movement, separation of posterior teeth, class 3 appearance ie. protrusive movement
- In occlusal appliances – Bionator, Activator, Frankel Appliance]]>75falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/27-condylar-guidance--40564793
- Protrusive Condylar Guidance – 70° – it is best recorded during protrusive movt by the patient itself only
- Lateral Condylar Guidance – 0° – in CDs only

Bennet's Angle L= H/8 + 12]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564793Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:34:15 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamCondylar Guidance - Protrusive Condylar Guidance – 70° – it is best recorded during protrusive movt by the patient itself only - Lateral Condylar Guidance – 0° – in CDs only Bennet's Angle L= H/8 + 12
- Protrusive Condylar Guidance – 70° – it is best recorded during protrusive movt by the patient itself only
- Lateral Condylar Guidance – 0° – in CDs only

Bennet's Angle L= H/8 + 12]]>66falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/28-compensatory-curve--40564795
1) Curve of Spee
o Anteroposterior curve
o Concave
2) Curve of Wilson
o Lateral curve
o From right to left
3) Curve of Monsoon
o A sphere drawn by taking Glabella as the center
o Periphery

Plane of Occlusion
- Ala-tragus line
- Interpupillary line

Cuspal Angulation
- 33° - anatomic cusp
- 20° - semi-anatomic cusp
- 0° - non-anatomic cusp / flat cusp (given in neuromuscular disease cases such as parkinsonism, myasthenia gravis )

Q. Why do we need balanced occlusion?
For stability of occlusion only OK!
STABILITY – Balanced occlusion
SUPPORT – Oral mucosal tissues
Retention – PPS & flanges]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564795Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:34:05 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamCompensatory Curves 1) Curve of Spee o Anteroposterior curve o Concave 2) Curve of Wilson o Lateral curve o From right to left 3) Curve of Monsoon o A sphere drawn by taking Glabella as the center o Periphery Plane of Occlusion - Ala-tragus line -...
1) Curve of Spee
o Anteroposterior curve
o Concave
2) Curve of Wilson
o Lateral curve
o From right to left
3) Curve of Monsoon
o A sphere drawn by taking Glabella as the center
o Periphery

Plane of Occlusion
- Ala-tragus line
- Interpupillary line

Cuspal Angulation
- 33° - anatomic cusp
- 20° - semi-anatomic cusp
- 0° - non-anatomic cusp / flat cusp (given in neuromuscular disease cases such as parkinsonism, myasthenia gravis )

Q. Why do we need balanced occlusion?
For stability of occlusion only OK!
STABILITY – Balanced occlusion
SUPPORT – Oral mucosal tissues
Retention – PPS & flanges]]>167falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/29-occlusion-vd--40564786
- Will’s gauge
- If VD error happens – then the only option is new denture!
- VD at rest – VD at occlusion = 2-4mm ( freeway space )
- Mandible should be at a physiologic position
- Errors are noted on VD at – occlusion

Increased VD
- Reduced inter-occlusal space ⸫ TMJ pain
- Tenderness of muscle ⸫ difficulty in swallowing
- Increase in lower facial height
- Erythema at denture-bearing sight, which occurs within a week
- Cheek bite ( due to decreased horizontal overlap between the teeth ⸫ to manage – trim buccal cusp of mandibular teeth
- Clicking of teeth during speech ( also seen in ceramic crowns, no retention of dentures )

Decreased VD
1. Increase in Freeway space
 drooping of corners of the mouth
 angular cheilitis
 other reasons
----Candidiasis
----iron deficiency anemia
----riboflavin deficiency
2. Decreased lower facial height--> thinning of lips
3. TMJ pain]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564786Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:33:54 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamVERTICAL DIMENSION - Will’s gauge - If VD error happens – then the only option is new denture! - VD at rest – VD at occlusion = 2-4mm ( freeway space ) - Mandible should be at a physiologic position - Errors are noted on VD at – occlusion Increased...
- Will’s gauge
- If VD error happens – then the only option is new denture!
- VD at rest – VD at occlusion = 2-4mm ( freeway space )
- Mandible should be at a physiologic position
- Errors are noted on VD at – occlusion

Increased VD
- Reduced inter-occlusal space ⸫ TMJ pain
- Tenderness of muscle ⸫ difficulty in swallowing
- Increase in lower facial height
- Erythema at denture-bearing sight, which occurs within a week
- Cheek bite ( due to decreased horizontal overlap between the teeth ⸫ to manage – trim buccal cusp of mandibular teeth
- Clicking of teeth during speech ( also seen in ceramic crowns, no retention of dentures )

Decreased VD
1. Increase in Freeway space
 drooping of corners of the mouth
 angular cheilitis
 other reasons
----Candidiasis
----iron deficiency anemia
----riboflavin deficiency
2. Decreased lower facial height--> thinning of lips
3. TMJ pain]]>278falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/30-cd-complications--40564785
1. Epulis Fissuratum
 Pedunculated growth at vestibule due to overextension of the denture
 Management- incision by BP blade
 Allis forceps- used to hold the tissue

2. Papillary hyperplasia
 Modular growth at the palate
 Raspberry appearance
 Duty ill-fitting denture and poor oral hygiene
 Management- reline and rebase, change denture, tissue conditioning agents]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564785Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:33:43 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamPRE-PROSTHETIC SURGERY 1. Epulis Fissuratum  Pedunculated growth at vestibule due to overextension of the denture  Management- incision by BP blade  Allis forceps- used to hold the tissue 2. Papillary hyperplasia  Modular growth at the palate ...
1. Epulis Fissuratum
 Pedunculated growth at vestibule due to overextension of the denture
 Management- incision by BP blade
 Allis forceps- used to hold the tissue

2. Papillary hyperplasia
 Modular growth at the palate
 Raspberry appearance
 Duty ill-fitting denture and poor oral hygiene
 Management- reline and rebase, change denture, tissue conditioning agents]]>104falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/31-complications-contd-overdenture--405648241. Tissue to face- exactly same in impression
2. Surface facing tongue- should be very smooth and polished


Patient complaints of the ulcer within 1 or 2 days of delivery
irregularity indenture
indenture treatment correct and polish

Patient complaints of ulcer after 2 or 3 years of post-insertion
 Due to ResidualRidge resorption
 Treatment - educate the patient not to wear the denture for or next 48 hours
conditioning of the tissue surface
 Either change the denture or reline or rebasing

OVERDENTURE
 Main advantage- no Ridge resorption
 the second advantage- proprioceptive reception
 increase to stability
 easy to repair
 Disadvantage - long term retention of denture uh is poor
 most preferred canine
 secondary molars

IMPLANT SUPPORTED DENTURE
maxillary minimum- 4, optimum- 6
mandibular minimum- 2, optimum]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564824Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:33:31 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamSurface of a denture: 1. Tissue to face- exactly same in impression 2. Surface facing tongue- should be very smooth and polished Patient complaints of the ulcer within 1 or 2 days of delivery irregularity indenture indenture treatment correct and...1. Tissue to face- exactly same in impression
2. Surface facing tongue- should be very smooth and polished


Patient complaints of the ulcer within 1 or 2 days of delivery
irregularity indenture
indenture treatment correct and polish

Patient complaints of ulcer after 2 or 3 years of post-insertion
 Due to ResidualRidge resorption
 Treatment - educate the patient not to wear the denture for or next 48 hours
conditioning of the tissue surface
 Either change the denture or reline or rebasing

OVERDENTURE
 Main advantage- no Ridge resorption
 the second advantage- proprioceptive reception
 increase to stability
 easy to repair
 Disadvantage - long term retention of denture uh is poor
 most preferred canine
 secondary molars

IMPLANT SUPPORTED DENTURE
maxillary minimum- 4, optimum- 6
mandibular minimum- 2, optimum]]>162falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/32-teeth-arrangement--40564788 Called as setting-up
 select size shape shade of the tooth

Size
 By anthropometric method, bizygomatic width is taken using Wills gauge
 Bii-zygomatic width / 3.3 = maxillary anterior tooth width
 Bi zygomatic width / 16 = CI width]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564788Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:33:23 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamTEETH ARRANGEMENT SELECT  Called as setting-up  select size shape shade of the tooth Size  By anthropometric method, bizygomatic width is taken using Wills gauge  Bii-zygomatic width / 3.3 = maxillary anterior tooth width  Bi zygomatic width /... Called as setting-up
 select size shape shade of the tooth

Size
 By anthropometric method, bizygomatic width is taken using Wills gauge
 Bii-zygomatic width / 3.3 = maxillary anterior tooth width
 Bi zygomatic width / 16 = CI width]]>192falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/33-shape-selection--40564792 Endogenic concept
 S - sex
 P - personality
 A - age

Arrangement
 Incisal edge of maxillary anterior - covered Lower lip
 maxillary Incisor edge - 0.5 mm above occlusal Rim

SHADE SELECTION
 Use shade guide
 never use extracted teeth / photograph
 instead, take shade prior to extraction]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564792Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:33:12 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamShape  Endogenic concept  S - sex  P - personality  A - age Arrangement  Incisal edge of maxillary anterior - covered Lower lip  maxillary Incisor edge - 0.5 mm above occlusal Rim SHADE SELECTION  Use shade guide  never use extracted teeth /... Endogenic concept
 S - sex
 P - personality
 A - age

Arrangement
 Incisal edge of maxillary anterior - covered Lower lip
 maxillary Incisor edge - 0.5 mm above occlusal Rim

SHADE SELECTION
 Use shade guide
 never use extracted teeth / photograph
 instead, take shade prior to extraction]]>113falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/34-shade-selection--40564794
Hue
 Dominant colour of object that is red, yellow, Grey
 Vita guide A red, B yellow, C Grey, D r y z equal mix

Chroma
 Degree of saturation
 that is intensity example less intensity at incisal third whereas high Chroma at
cervical 3rd

Value
 Lightness and darkness
 most important parameter
 Eg. A1,A2, A3, etc

SEQUENCE OF SHADE SELECTION
Value >>>> Chroma >>>>>> Hue

Q. When new colour other than red, yellow, grey are added - change in hue
Q. When any of these three above colours are added - change in Chroma]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564794Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:33:00 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamColour Hue  Dominant colour of object that is red, yellow, Grey  Vita guide A red, B yellow, C Grey, D r y z equal mix Chroma  Degree of saturation  that is intensity example less intensity at incisal third whereas high Chroma at cervical 3rd...
Hue
 Dominant colour of object that is red, yellow, Grey
 Vita guide A red, B yellow, C Grey, D r y z equal mix

Chroma
 Degree of saturation
 that is intensity example less intensity at incisal third whereas high Chroma at
cervical 3rd

Value
 Lightness and darkness
 most important parameter
 Eg. A1,A2, A3, etc

SEQUENCE OF SHADE SELECTION
Value >>>> Chroma >>>>>> Hue

Q. When new colour other than red, yellow, grey are added - change in hue
Q. When any of these three above colours are added - change in Chroma]]>164falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/35-bull-cusp--40564825
1. Functional / working / supporting / stump
Maxillary palatal mandibular buccal

2. Non-functional / non-working / balancing cusp
maxillary buckle mandibular lingual
Buccal upper lingual lower BULL]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564825Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:32:49 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamCusps 1. Functional / working / supporting / stump Maxillary palatal mandibular buccal 2. Non-functional / non-working / balancing cusp maxillary buckle mandibular lingual Buccal upper lingual lower BULL
1. Functional / working / supporting / stump
Maxillary palatal mandibular buccal

2. Non-functional / non-working / balancing cusp
maxillary buckle mandibular lingual
Buccal upper lingual lower BULL]]>25falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/36-post-insertion-things--40564826
 After 48 hours- record for occlusion correction

 most common complaint - overextension causing laceration

 after 6-8 months - recall and 2 relining / rebasing, this is due to high chances
of ridge resorption

 if occlusion correction required
--- at the time of insertion
--- or then rearticulate the denture with new jaw relation then make necessary
corrections

 speech problems are commonly seen - advise patient that it will correct
automatically

 increased salivation is due to increased parasympathetic activity - convince patient - recall and review after 1 week ok

 Candidiasis - opportunistic infection, due to the improper oral hygiene of both denture and oral cavity, continuous wearing of denture even at night

 Treatment
1. Mouth only - topical nystatin gel/solution, stop denture wearing for few days
2. oral plus systemic - amphotericin B
3. Oral + systemic + immunosuppressants + broad-spectrum antibiotics
- fluconazole ( because nystatin I won’t work here)


Q. Wax used in fluid wax technique of PPS placement
1. Korrecta wax number 4
2. Iowa wax
3. H-L Physiologic paste]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564826Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:32:41 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamPOST INSERTION  After 48 hours- record for occlusion correction  most common complaint - overextension causing laceration  after 6-8 months - recall and 2 relining / rebasing, this is due to high chances of ridge resorption  if occlusion...
 After 48 hours- record for occlusion correction

 most common complaint - overextension causing laceration

 after 6-8 months - recall and 2 relining / rebasing, this is due to high chances
of ridge resorption

 if occlusion correction required
--- at the time of insertion
--- or then rearticulate the denture with new jaw relation then make necessary
corrections

 speech problems are commonly seen - advise patient that it will correct
automatically

 increased salivation is due to increased parasympathetic activity - convince patient - recall and review after 1 week ok

 Candidiasis - opportunistic infection, due to the improper oral hygiene of both denture and oral cavity, continuous wearing of denture even at night

 Treatment
1. Mouth only - topical nystatin gel/solution, stop denture wearing for few days
2. oral plus systemic - amphotericin B
3. Oral + systemic + immunosuppressants + broad-spectrum antibiotics
- fluconazole ( because nystatin I won’t work here)


Q. Wax used in fluid wax technique of PPS placement
1. Korrecta wax number 4
2. Iowa wax
3. H-L Physiologic paste]]>237falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/37-surveyor--40564828
Q. Function of survey to identify path of insertion.
It is a mechanical device to mark, analyze, and record favourable undercuts — function

 Parts —
1. Horizontal arm
2. Vertical arm
3. Platform
4. Surveying arm
5. Mandrel
6. Cast holder/surveying table

 Tools
1. Analyzing rod
2. Undercut gauge
3. Carbon marker
4. Wax knife

 Tripoding
- (select 3 points) It is the transfer of 3 points from primary to master cast
- Role : transfer of orientation]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564828Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:32:14 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamSURVEYOR Q. Function of survey to identify path of insertion. It is a mechanical device to mark, analyze, and record favourable undercuts — function  Parts — 1. Horizontal arm 2. Vertical arm 3. Platform 4. Surveying arm 5. Mandrel 6. Cast...
Q. Function of survey to identify path of insertion.
It is a mechanical device to mark, analyze, and record favourable undercuts — function

 Parts —
1. Horizontal arm
2. Vertical arm
3. Platform
4. Surveying arm
5. Mandrel
6. Cast holder/surveying table

 Tools
1. Analyzing rod
2. Undercut gauge
3. Carbon marker
4. Wax knife

 Tripoding
- (select 3 points) It is the transfer of 3 points from primary to master cast
- Role : transfer of orientation]]>77falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/38-casting-qns--40564829https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564829Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:32:05 +0000Dr. Mayakha Mariam105falsefullhttps://www.spreaker.com/episode/39-combination-syndrome--40564830
 Also known as Paterson- Kelly Syndrome
 Maxillary CD, lower class I RPD
 Lower anterior teeth — mobility
 Maxillary anterior part — ridge resorption — papillary hyperplasia
 Flabby tissue on pre-maxilla !

Q. Over tissue in mandibular with wearing denture epulis fisssurment.
 Prognathic facial appearance
 Decreased VD

Relining add acrylic to the base of denture to increase vertical dimension
 Maxillary tuberosity — downward growth
 Re – CD impression — passive position impression
o (due to flabby tissue remember !)]]>https://api.spreaker.com/episode/40564830Sat, 29 Aug 2020 13:31:56 +0000Dr. Mayakha MariamCOMBINATION SYNDROME: -  Also known as Paterson- Kelly Syndrome  Maxillary CD, lower class I RPD  Lower anterior teeth — mobility  Maxillary anterior part — ridge resorption — papillary hyperplasia  Flabby tissue on pre-maxilla ! Q. Over tissue...
 Also known as Paterson- Kelly Syndrome
 Maxillary CD, lower class I RPD
 Lower anterior teeth — mobility
 Maxillary anterior part — ridge resorption — papillary hyperplasia
 Flabby tissue on pre-maxilla !

Q. Over tissue in mandibular with wearing denture epulis fisssurment.
 Prognathic facial appearance
 Decreased VD

Relining add acrylic to the base of denture to increase vertical dimension
 Maxillary tuberosity — downward growth
 Re – CD impression — passive position impression
o (due to flabby tissue remember !)]]>98falsefull